Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

EDPE 208 Final > Lesson 4 - Self & Identity Development > Flashcards

Lesson 4 - Self & Identity Development Flashcards

1
Q

What is the self?

A

The self consists of all the characteristics of a person

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is self-understanding?

A

Self-understanding is a child’s cognitive representation of the self, the substance and the content of the child’s self-conceptions.
It provides underpinning for identity development.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the child’s self-understanding based on?

A

A child’s self-understanding is based on the roles and the membership categories that define who children are.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How do we know if children developed self-understanding?

A

When they gained the ability to recognize their physical features. (infancy)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

When do children first start recognizing their facial features?

A

15-18 months. Infancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How can we test visual self-recognition in children?

A

With the mirror technique.
If they look in the mirror and they know it’s them.
We can put a red dot on their nose. If they realize that it’s odd, they will touch their nose and they have visual self-recognition.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the 5 aspects of development of self-understanding in Early Childhood?

A
  1. Confusion of self, mind and body
  2. Concrete Descriptions
  3. Physical Descriptions
  4. Active Descriptions
  5. Unrealistic positive overestimations
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Describe the development of self-understanding in early childhood - Confusion of self, mind and body

A

Believe the self can be described by material dimensions (size, shape, color)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Describe the development of self-understanding in early childhood - Concrete Descriptions

A

Describe themselves in concrete terms, such as using observable features and actions tendencies (I can count!)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Describe the development of self-understanding in early childhood - Physical Descriptions

A

They distinguish themselves from others through physical and material attributions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Describe the development of self-understanding in early childhood - Active Descriptions

A

They describe themselves in terms of activities (such as play)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Describe the development of self-understanding in early childhood - Unrealistic positive overestimations

A

Unrealistic positive self-evaluations of personal attributes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the 5 aspects of development of self-understanding in Middle-Late Childhood?

A
  1. Psychological characteristics and traits
  2. Social Descriptions
  3. Social Comparisons
  4. Real self and ideal self
  5. Realism
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Describe the development of self-understanding in middle-late childhood - Psychological characteristics and traits

A

Describe themselves using psychological characteristics and traits such as being popular, nice, mean and smart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Describe the development of self-understanding in middle-late childhood - Social Descriptions

A

They include social aspects such as social groups in their social descriptions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Describe the development of self-understanding in middle-late childhood - Social Comparison

A

They distinguish themselves from the others in comparative rather than absolute terms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Describe the development of self-understanding in middle-late childhood - Real self and ideal self

A

They distinguish between their real and ideal selves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Describe the development of self-understanding in middle-late childhood - Realism

A

Their self-descriptions become more accurate.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the 7 aspects of development of self-understanding in Adolescence?

A
  1. Abstract and idealistic
  2. Self-Consciouness
  3. Contradictions within the self
  4. The fluctuating self
  5. Real and Idea selves
  6. Social Comparison
  7. Self-Integration
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Describe the development of self-understanding in adolescence - Abstract and idealistic

A

They use abstract and idealistic labels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Describe the development of self-understanding in adolescence - Self-Consciousness

A

They are self-conscious and preoccupied with their self-understanding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Describe the development of self-understanding in adolescence - Contradictions within the self

A

They are aware of the contradictions due to multiple roles in different relationship contexts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Describe the development of self-understanding in adolescence - The fluctuating self

A

Self-understanding fluctuates across situations and across time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Describe the development of self-understanding in adolescence - Real and Ideal Selves

A

Possible self. What individuals might be become, what they would like to become and what they are becoming

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Describe the development of self-understanding in adolescence - Social Comparison
The tendency to compare themselves with others continues to increase during the adolescent years
26
Describe the development of self-understanding in adolescence - Self-Integration
Different parts of the self are systematically pieced together
27
Definition of Self-Cognition *
The process involved in understanding the world around us, espacially how we think and reason about other people
28
How do children develop an understanding of others? Early Childhood
4-5 y-o: Children begin to perceive others in terms of psychological traits (she is nice) They begin to understand that people do not always accurately describe their beliefs. Understanding joint commitments and cooperation. Gains in perspective taking
29
How do children develop an understanding of others? Middle-Late Childhood
Increase in perspective taking. Understanding that people might have different perspectives because they might have access to more information than others. Increase in awereness to try to put themelseves in another person's place to judge their intentions and actions. Skeptical of some sources of infromation about psychological traits Understanding of culture and standards of behaviors.
30
How do children develop an understanding of others? Adolescence
Increase in perspective taking Other people are complex and have public and private faces Engage in social-cognitive monitoring that is helpful in social situations (ex. Paraphrasing what someone said to make sure they understood)
31
Definition of self-esteem
Big concept A person's self-worth or self-image, a global evaluation of the self. A child's self-esteem might reflect a belief that is not necessarily accurate.
32
Definition of Self-concept
More specific than self-esteem Domain-specific evaluations of the self. (academics, athletics, physical appearance)
33
What is the foundation of self-esteem and self-concept?
The foundations of self-esteem and self-concept emerge from the quality of parent-child interaction in early childhood.
34
How can we assess self-esteem and self-concept?
With a questionnaire. Harter's Self-Perception Profile for Children and Self-Perception Profile for Adolescents
35
What are the 6 specific domains evaluated in Harter's Self-Perception Profile for Children?
1. Scholastic Competence 2. Social Competence 3. Athletic Competence 4. Physical Appearance 5. Behavioral COnduct 6. Global Self-Worth
36
What are the 9 specific domains evaluated in Harter's Self-Perception Profile for Adolescents?
1. Scholastic Competence 2. Social Competence 3. Athletic Competence 4. Physical Appearance 5. Job Competence 6. Romantic Appeal 7. Behavioral Conduct 8. Close friendship 9. Global Self-Worth
37
How do the scores appear on the Harter's Self-Perception Profile for Children and Adolescents?
They receive a score, and we are able to get a correlation coefficient with every specific domain and global self-worth
38
Which domain in the Harter's Self-Perception Profile has the highest correlation coefficient with global self-worth?
Physical Appearance
39
Which domain in the Harter's Self-Perception Profile has the lowest correlation coefficient with global self-worth?
Athletic Competence
40
How does self-esteem change during a life time?
Boys and girls start high and equal during childhood. Both decrease during adolescence, but girls decrease more. It starts going up slowly after adolescence for both while keeping the gap between men and women. Both peak between 60 and 69, and it decreases after.
41
What's the correlation between school performance and self-esteem?
Moderate correlation between school performance and self-esteem.
42
What's the correlation between initiative and self-esteem?
Children with high self-esteem show greater initiative which can result in positive or negative outcome.
43
What's the correlation between social actions and self-esteem?
Children with high self-esteem are more likely to show both prosocial and antisocial actions.
44
What's the correlation between happiness and self-esteem?
Strong correlation between high self-esteem and happiness
45
What's the correlation between emotional and behavioral disorders and self-esteem?
Low self-esteem is linked to emotional and behavioral disorders.
46
What's the link between culture and self-esteem?
Self-esteem is closely tied to doing well in activities that are important to the cultural group. Cultures differ in the importance placed on self-esteem.
47
What are 4 ways to increase children's self-esteem?
1. Identifying domains of competence important to the child. 2. Providing emotional support and social approval 3. Praising effort as well as achievement 4. Encouraging coping
48
Definition of Identity
Who a person is, representing a synthesis and integration of self-understanding.
49
What traits are included in identity?
Career Political beliefs Religion Relationship Achievements Sexuality Gender Culture Interests Personality Physical identity Culture
50
What's Erikson's view on Identity?
Identity vs Role Confusion Psychosocial moratorium Identity confusion During adolescence, they figure out their identity, they go through identity confusion, and they resolve it. Adolescents who cope with conflicting identities emerge with a sense of self, and adolescents who do not successfully resolve this identity crisis suffer from identity confusion.
51
What is Identity versus Role Confusion? - Erikson Identity
Adolescents examine who theya re, what they are all about, and where they are going in life.
52
What is Psychosocial moratorium? - Erikson Identity
The gap between childhood security and adult autonomy is experienced by adolescents as part of their identity exploration.
53
What is Identity Confusion? - Erikson Identity
Withdrawing and isolating themselves or losing thier identity in the crowd.
54
What are the critics regarding Erikson's view on Identity?
Adolescents don't go from childhood to work life, they go to school, they live longer, and take longer to settle down. Many societies have extended adolescence into the 20s.
55
How can we help adolescents move towards identity resolution?
Parents, teachers, and mentors provide some guidance and feedback to adolescents during this process. Youth need a cultural climate that inspires their chances of reaching their aspirations. Viewing adolescence as a period of learning, flexibility and building strengths.
56
Who is the Eriksonian researcher we talked about?
James Marcia
57
What did James Marcia propose?
James Marcia proposed that Erikson's theory of identity development contains 4 statuses of identity or ways of resolving identity crisis. Crisis and Commitment
58
What is a crisis according to James Marcia?
A period of identity development during which the adolescent is choosing among meaningful alternatives.
59
What is a commitment according to James Marcia?
Personal Investment in identity.
60
What are the 4 statuses in James Marcia's identity theory, based on Erikson?
1. Identity diffusion 2. Identity Foreclosure 3. Identity Moratorium 4. Identity Achievement
61
Describe the identity status. (Marcia) - Identity diffusion
The status of individuals who have not yet experienced a crisis (not explored any alternatives) or made any commitment.
62
Describe the identity status. (Marcia) - Identity Foreclosure
The status of indivuals who ahve made a commitment but have not experienced a crisis.
63
Describe the identity status. (Marcia) - Identity Moratorium
The status of individuals who are in the midst of a crisis but whose commitments are either absent or only vaguely defined.
64
Describe the identity status. (Marcia) - Identity Achievement
The status of individuals who have undergone a crisis and made a commitment.
65
Do people have only 1 identity status?
No. Because they have many identity components. A person could be in identity diffused with their career, but in identity moratorium in their gender. All aspects of identity can be in one of the 4 statuses.
66
In what statuses are adolescents according to Marcia?
Identity diffusion Identity foreclosure identity moratorium
67
What do they need to move to the status of identity achievement?
1. Confidence and parental support 2. An established sense of industry 3. Be able to adopt a self-refelctive stance toward the future.
68
What are the critics to Marcia's theory with the 4 statuses?
- It emphasizes completing identity development by making decisions in adolescence and adulthood, but contemporary views have adapted Erikson's theory to consider identity development as an ongoing, lifelong process. The first identity is not expected to be the final product.
69
What social contexts affect identity?
1. Family 2. Peers and romantic relationships 3. Culture
70
Describe the social aspect that affects identity. - Family
A family atmosphere that promotes both individuality and connectedness is important.
71
What is individuality? (social contexts of identity - Family)
Consists of 2 dimensions: self-assertion and separateness. Assertion: The ability to have and communicate a point of view Separateness: The use of communication patterns to express how one is different from others.
72
What is Connectedness? (social contexts of identity - Family)
Consists of 2 dimensions: mutuality, sensitivity to and respect for others' views, and permeability, openness to others' views.
73
Describe the social aspect that affects identity. - Peers and Romantic Relationships
Friends serve as a safe context for exploring identity-related experiences. 2 individuals in a romantic relationship are both in the process of constructing their own identities, each providing the other with context.
74
Describe the social aspect that affects identity. - Culture
Individualistic societies value competition, individual initiative, and personal accomplishment. Collectivistic societies value cooperation, group dynamics, and helping each other.

EDPE 208 Final (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions