Lesson 12 - Family Flashcards
What happens during Infancy with the Transition to Parenting?
Parent-child interaction moves from a heavy focus on routine caregiving to non-caregiving activities such as play, visual-vocal exchanges and managing infants behaviors.
What happens during Early Childhood with the Transition to Parenting?
Focus on matters such as modesty and compliance, bedtime regularities, control of temper, fighting with siblings, eating behaviours and manners, autonomy in dressing and attention seeking.
What happens during Middle-Late Childhood with the Transition to Parenting?
New issues appear by age 7.
- Parents spend less them with children
- Parents play an important role in supporting their children’s academic achievements.
- Make decisions about children’s out-of-school activities
- Discipline focused on removing privileges and comments to appeal to children’s sense of guilt.
- Some control is tranfered from parent to child
What are the different parenting styles?
Authoritative
AUthoritarian
Indulgent
Neglectful
What is an authoritarian parenting style?
- Restrictive, punitive
- Place firm limits and controls on the child, allow little verbal exchange.
- Enforces rules rigidly but do not explain
- Might show rage
How are the children of authoritarian parents?
Unhappy, fearful, anxious about comparing themselves to others, fail to initiate activity, weak communication skills
What is an authoritative parenting style?
- Ecnourages children to be independent but places limits and controls their actions
- Warm and nurturant
- Show support in response to children’s constructive behavior
How are children of autoritative parents?
Cheerful, self-controlled, self-reliant, achievement-oriented.
Tend to maintain friendly relations with peers, cooperate with adults and cope well with stress
What is a neglectful parenting style?
- Uninvolved in the child’s life
How are children of neglectful parents?
- Believe that other parts of their parents lives are more important than them
- Socially incompetent
- Poor self-control and don’t handle independence well
- low-self-esteem
- immature
- alienated from the family
- delinquency in adolescence
What is an indulgent parenting style?
- Highly involved, but place few demands or controls on them
- Let children do what they want
- Some parents believe warm involvement + few restraints = creative children
How are children of indulgent parents?
- Don’t learn to control their behaviour and always expect to get their way
- Rarely learn respect for others
- Domineering, egocentric, noncompliant, difficulties in peer relations.
What are the critiques of the parenting styles?
- Don’t capture the important themes of reciprocal sociolization and synchrony
- Parents usually use multiple styles
- 2 parents might have different styles
- Different cultures view differently the different styles and could give various child outcomes.
What does punishment tell children?
It tells them what not to do, instead of what to do.
Why would parents use corporal punishment?
They associate it with higher levels of immediate complaince
Their parents used it with them when they were kids.
What are the consequences in children to using physical punishment?
- More behavioural problems in children and adolescents
- Higher levels of aggression in childhood and adolescence
- Children have out-of-control models for handling stressful situations
- Can instill fear, rage, avoidance
- Less harmful in cultures where physical punishment is considered normal
What are the 4 types of child maltreatment?
Physical abuse
Child neglect
Sexual abuse
Emotional abuse
What are the causes of child maltreatment?
No single factor causes child maltreatment.
- substance use
- Parenting stress
- social isolation
- single parenting
- socioeconomic difficulties
- 1/3 of parents who were abused will abuse their children
Consequences of abuse in children and adolescents?
- Poor emotion regulation
- Attachment problems
- Problems in peer relations
- Difficulty in adapting to school
- Psychological problems such as depression and delinquency
Consequences of abuse in adolescents.
- Violent romantic relationships
- Sexual risk taking
- Substance abuse
- Suicide attempts
Consequences of abuse in adults.
- Problems with physical health, mental health and sexual function
- Difficulty in establishing and maintaining healthy intimate relationships
- Higher risk for violent bahviour toward other adults
- Substance abuse
- Anxiety
- Depression
How to prevent child maltreatment?
Public health approach to give support for positive, enriching parenting
Triple P program (strengthing positive parenting by building parents’ self-control and sense of competency, and self-worth in the parenting role
What are the ways that parents handle sibling conflict?
Encourage resolution through communication.
Ignoring and intentionally not intervening so they work it out on their own.
Telling them to physically stand up to eachother
What should parents do when there is sibling-conflict?
Training parents to mediate sibling conflict and increased their children’s understanding of conflicts.
