Lesson 11 - Peers Flashcards
What are the major socialization agents?
Family and Peers
As children grow up, they spend increasing amounts of time with their peers.
What does peer contexts include?
Contexts influence peer interaction.
- Type of peer (an acquaintance, a crowd, a clique, a friend, a romantic partner)
- Situation or location (school, neighborhood, religious setting, sport event…)
- Culture
How does culture influence peer interaction?
Cultures vary in the significance of the socializing role of peers.
What is the link between emotion regulation and peer relations?
The ability to regulate emotion is linked to successful peer relations.
What is emotion dysregulation?
It is a major factor to social, behavioral and emotional problems.
What are the different peer statuses?
Popular children
Average children
Neglected children
Rejected children
Controversial children
What qualifies as popular children?
Children who are frequently identified as a best friend and are rarely disliked by their peers.
What qualifies as average children?
Children who receive an average number of both positive and negative nominations from their peers.
What qualifies as neglected children?
Children who are infreqeuntly identified as a best friend but are not disliked by their peers.
What qualifies as rejected children?
Children who are infrequently identified as a best friend and are actively disliked by their peers.
What qualifies as controversial children?
Children who are frequently identified both as someone’s best friend and as being disliked.
What are the predictors of peer rejection?
- Poor parenting skills in early childhood
- Inadequate monitoring and harsh punishment, in some instances provoked by a child’s difficult temperament, produce a child with aggressive, antisocial tendencies
- Carries these feelings and behaviors to their peer relations.
What are the 6 types of play?
- Sensorimotor play
- Practice play
- Pretense/Symbolic play (make-believe)
- Social Play
- Constructive Play
- Games
Describe the type of play. - Sensorimotor play
- Infants derive pleasure from exercising their sensorimotor schemes.
- Infants select toys for exploration and play, especially responsive toys (9 months)
- Infants enjoy making things work and exploring cause and effect (12 months)
Describe the type of play. - Practice play
- Repeating behavior when new skills are being learned or when physical, mental or coordination skills are required.
- Engage in play that involves practicing skills (preschool)
- Declines during elementary school
- But we see running, jumping, sliding, twirling and throwing balls as practice play in elementary schools
Describe the type of play. - Pretense/Symbolic Play
- Transforms the physical environment into a symbol
- Increase their use of objects in symbolic play between 9 and 30 months
- Transforming objects into something else (mentally)
- Appears at 18 months and peaks at 4-5
- Use realistic props in early phases, but not later (abstract make-believe), it reflects cognitive growth
- Capacities like role-taking, social roles, metacognition, etc.
Describe the type of play. - Constructive Play
- Combines Sensorimotor/practice play with symbolic representations
- Happens when children engage in self-regulated creation of a product
- Increases in preschool years as symbolic play increases and sensorimotor decreases
- Practice play is replaced by constructive play (preschool)
- Building houses with Lego
What kind of parents are the parents of bullies?
Authoritarian.
Physically punish children.
Lack Warmth
Show indifference to their children
What are the characteristics of a bully?
Display anger, hostility and are morally disengaged.
Low grades and behave delinquently.
What are the characteristics of children who are bullied?
Report more loneliness and difficulty to make friends.
Anxious and socially withdrawn.
How do social contexts influence bullying?
Victims or bullies are in the same classroom.
Having supportive friends is linked to lower bullying.
Classmates are often aware and witness bullying.
What are the consequences of bullying for the victim?
Health problems.
Depression
Risk of suicide
Likely to miss school, suffer poor grades
What are the consequences of bullying for the bully?
Risk of suicide.
Likely to miss school, suffer poor grades.
Drugs, alcohol, and criminal activity.
What are the strategies for schools to decrease bullying?
- Older Peers serve as monitors for bullying.
- Have school-wide rules and sanctions
- Form friendship groups for those being bullied
- Incorporate an antibullying message into other community activity areas, such as places of worship.
- Encourage parents to reinforce and model positive interpersonal interactions
- Encourage parents to contact school’s psychologist, counsellor or social worker for help.
- Identify bullies and victims early and use social skills training to improve their behaviors
