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EDPE 208 Final > Lesson 3 - Emotional Development > Flashcards

Lesson 3 - Emotional Development Flashcards

1
Q

Definition of emotion

A

Feeling that occurs when people are engaged in an interaction that is important to them, especially one that influences their well-being.

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2
Q

How are emotions rooted in biology?

A

Emotions promote survival.
Children show emotions after the development of their nervous system, limbic system and brain stem.

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3
Q

How are emotions linked to social relationships?

A

Social relationship provide a setting for the development of emotions

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4
Q

How are emotions linked to cultural differences?

A

Cultural differences reveal the role of experience in emotional development

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5
Q

What are the primary emotions that appear during infancy?

A

Surprise, interest, joy, anger, fear and disgust. (first 6 months)

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6
Q

What are the self-conscious emotions that appear during infancy?

A

jealousy, empathy, embarrassment, pride, shame, guilt.

Self-conscious emotions involve other people.

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7
Q

How are parent-child emotional expressions linked?

A

Parent-child emotional expressions are mutually regulated.

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8
Q

Stranger and separation anxiety appear from what emotion?

A

Fear

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9
Q

When do children show less stranger anxiety?

A

When they are in familiar settings

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10
Q

What are the characteristics of a stranger to a child?

A

Child vs Adult
Smiling vs Unsmiling

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11
Q

Separation and stranger anxiety are both adaptive. What does it mean?

A

They are states that adapt depending on the environment.

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12
Q

What is co-regulation?

A

The emotional state of the caregiver and the child are linked. So, responding to an infant’s distress helps regulate the infant’s physiology and builds trust with the caregiver.

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13
Q

When is co-regulation developped?

A

During infancy

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14
Q

2 characteristics of co-regulation

A

Bi-directional: the emotional state of the caregiver is an important contributor to the quality of the exchange.
Influenced by context.

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15
Q

What is developed in early childhood?

A

Increase in self-conscious emotions.
Increase in emotion understanding and emotion cues.

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16
Q

When do children increase in the number of terms they use to describe emotions?

A

Early childhood. 2-4 y-o

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17
Q

When do children increase their ability to reflect on emotions?

A

Early childhood. 4-5 y-o.

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18
Q

When do children start to self-regulate their emotions?

A

Early childhood.
Co-regulation continues and leads to the child’s ability to self-regulate.

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19
Q

TRUE OR FALSE. The same event can invoke different feelings in different people during early childhood.

A

TRUE.

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20
Q

What is the role of parents in the development of emotions in early childhood?

A

How parents talk to children about emotions can significantly impact this growing capacity.
Co-regulation continues to operate.

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21
Q

What are emotion coaching parents?

A

They monitor their emotions carefully.
They assist children in labelling emotions.
They coach children on how to deal with negative emotions.
Scaffolding and praise.

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22
Q

What are emotion-dismissing parents?

A

They view their role as to deny, ignore or change negative emotions.

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23
Q

What are the 7 characteristics of emotional development in middle - late childhood? AEIUUSC

A
  • Ability to suppress or conceal
  • Empathy
  • Improved emotional understanding
  • Understanding the co-existence of emotions in a particular situation
    emotions
  • Use of self-initiated strategies for redirecting feelings.
  • Self-regulation
  • Cognitive Coping Strategies
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24
Q

How do children in middle to late childhood develop cognitive coping strategies?

A

They rethink the situation, they rework the event that happened.

They won’t get upset if a friend doesn’t wave back, they’ll think about the possibility that they didn’t see them.

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25
Definition of Temperament
Involves individual differences in behavioural styles, emotions, and characteristic ways of responding to environmental input.
26
Who came up with the method to classify temperament?
Chess & Thomas - 3 types of temperament
27
What are the 3 types of temperament?
Easy (40%) Difficult (10%) Slow-to Warm Up (15%) 35% of children do not fit in those categories
28
What are the characteristics of the Easy type of temperament
Easy: Positive mood, quickly establishes routines and adapts to new experiences.
29
What are the characteristics of the Difficult type of temperament
Negative mood, irregular routines, slow to accept change.
30
What are the characteristics of the Slow-to-Warm Up type of temperament
low activity level, somewhat negative, low intensity of mood
31
What are the 3 aspects that influence temperament
Biology Gender Culture
32
How does Biology influence temperament?
Physiological characteristics linked with temperament. Heredity has a moderate influence in temperament.
33
How does Gender influence temperament?
Parents might react differently depending on whether the baby is a boy or a girl
34
How does Culture influence temperament?
Temperament patterns vary accross cultures
35
Is temperament stable?
Based on a small number of longitudinal studies, there is some continuity of temperament.
36
What influences if the temperament is stable?
Biology: Physiological and heredity factors are likely involved in continuity between a child's temperament and an adult's personality. Gender + Culture: Many aspects of a child's environment can encourage or discourage the persistence of temperament. Nature and Nurture work together
37
What does Goodness of Fit mean?
The match between a child' temperament and the environmental demands the child musts cope with. (if a child wants to move all the time, parents should try to give them as much time outside as possible) adjusting to the temperament
38
When do parents start to believe in the importance of temperament in a child?
When their second child is born. The same strategies they used for their first born won't necessarily work on the second.
39
What can a lack of fit between the child's temperament and their parents cause?
Adjustment problems. Some temperamental chracteristics pose more parenting challenges than others.
40
Definition of Attachment
Quality of the connection or relationship between a child and their caregiver.
41
What are the 4 theories of Attachment? (the 4 people)
Freud Erikson Harlow Bowlby
42
What is Freud's theory of attachment?
Infants attach to a person or object that provides oral satisfaction (feeding).
43
What is Erikson's theory of attachment?
Trust vs Mistrust Emphasizes the role of physical comfort and sensitive care.
44
What is Harlow's theory of attachment?
Warm, comforting, and senstive caregiving.
45
What is Bowlby's theory of attachment?
Both infants and their primary caregivers are biologically predisposed to form attachments. Attachement develops in 4 phases.
46
Characteristics of Bowlby's theory of attachment?
- The first year in life and the caregiver's responsiveness are important regarding attachment. - Infants elicit attachment behavior from adults: crying, clinging, and smiling. - The goal is to keep the caregiver nearby - Attachment develops in 4 phases
47
What and when are the 4 phases of attachment from Bowlby's attachment theory.
Pre-attachment: birth to 2 months Attachment in Making: 2 to 7 months Clearcut attachment: 7 to 24 months Formation reciprocal relationships: 24 months+
48
Describe the first phase of Bowlby's theory of attachment.
Pre-attachment Birth to 2 months - Infants instinctively orient to human figures. - Strangers, siblings and parents are equally likely to elicit smiling or crying from the infant.
49
Describe the second phase of Bowlby's theory of attachment.
Attachment in Making 2 to 7 months - Attachment becomes focused on one figure, usually the primary caregiver - Baby gradually learns to distinguish familiar from unfamiliar people
50
Describe the third phase of Bowlby's theory of attachment.
Clearcut Attachment 7 to 24 months - Specific attachments develop - Increased locomotor skills allow babies to seek contact with regular caregivers, such as the mother or father. - Proximity seeking - Separation anxiety - Stranger anxiety
51
Describe the fourth phase of Bowlby's theory of attachment.
Formation of reciprocal relationships 24 months + - Children become aware of others' feelings, goals, and plans and begin to take into account in directing their own actions. - Understand caregiver's coming and going
52
What is the Internal Working Model?
Mental model that infants build as a result of their experience with the caregiver. They use it as a template for interacting with others.
53
What is the long term impact of the internal working model?
Based on their experience with the caregiver, the child will use it as a template for all future relationships. It influences family relationships, friendships, and romantic relationships.
54
What are the 4 types of attachment?
Secure Insecure avoidant Insecure resistant Insecure disorganized
55
Describe the type of attachement - secure.
Explores environment when parent is present. Baby may or may not cry when the parent leaves. Baby wants to be with the mother when they return and crying stops. Friendly with strangers when parent is present.
56
Describe the type of attachement - Insecure Avoidant
Uninterested in exploring Baby is not upset when the mother leaves Ignores the mother upon return Avoids or ignores strangers
57
Describe the type of attachement - Insecure Resistant
Does not explore environment when parent is present Baby upset when the mother leaves Baby is upset upon the mother's return and difficult to console Wary of strangers
58
Describe the type of attachement - Insecure Disorganized
Baby is confused when the mother leaves Does not understand what is happening upon the mother's return. Wary of strangers. Not able to be comforted by a parent.
59
Describe the type of caregiver based on their baby's attachment type - secure babies
The caregivers are sensitive to their signals and are consistently available to respond to the infant's needs.
60
Describe the type of caregiver based on their baby's attachment type - Insecure Avoidant
Caregivers are unavailable or rejecting. - Often do not respond to infant's signals - Interact in an angry and irritable way - Little physical contact
61
Describe the type of caregiver based on their baby's attachment type - Insecure Resistant
Caregivers are inconsistent. May or may not respond to infant's needs. Not very affectionate, little synchronicity when interacting.
62
Describe the type of caregiver based on their baby's attachment type - Insecure Disorganized
Caregivers are likely to neglect or physically abuse the child.
63
What are the consequences of secure attachment?
Children interact more skillfully with friends and peers. High-quality friendship, few conflicts. Less behavioral problems in school Superior ability to regulate, understand and express emotions.
64
What factors predict father involvement?
Culture Residential Status Education Income Beliefs about gender roles Quality of the father's relationship with the mother.
65
What is different between a father and a mother as primary caregivers?
Nothing. The child interacts in similar ways with the mother and father.
66
Consequences of extensive father involvement in children.
School success Socio-emotional competence Reduced aggression and anxiety
67
What helps with emotion regulation?
Physical activity. And fathers tend to spend more time playing and often physical activity, particularly with boys.
68
What defines high quality care?
A safe environment Access to age-appropriate toys Participation in age-appropriate activities. A low caregiver-to-child ratio (more focus on the child, than if you had 10 kids)
69
Does putting children in childcare affect children's attachment to their caregiver?
No. Children who are in childcare do not have difficulties with attachment.

EDPE 208 Final (13 decks)

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