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CompTIA A+ Certification Prep 3: Network/Security > Lesson 4 - Chapter 2: Network Addressing with IPv4 > Flashcards

Lesson 4 - Chapter 2: Network Addressing with IPv4 Flashcards

1
Q

What is an IP address?

A

a unique identification number for a computer on a network

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2
Q

What do the parts of an IP address identify? (2)

A

IP addresses identify:
1. the network to which the host belongs to (Network ID)
2. the individual host within that network (Host ID)

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3
Q

What does IPv4 stand for?

A

Internet Protocol version 4

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4
Q

IPv4 addresses consist of how many sets of binary numbers?

A

4 sets of 8 binary numbers (4 x 8 binary numbers = 32 total binary numbers)

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5
Q

a group of 8 binary numbers is called what?

A

octets

11110000 (binary) = 240 (octet)

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6
Q

What is dotted decimal notation?

A

when the 4 sets of octets in an IPv4 address are separated by a period

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7
Q

No number in an IPv4 address can ever be greater than….? Why?

A

255, because the largest binary 8-digit number is 11111111 = 255

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8
Q

What does the NIC use to distinguish what part of an IP address identifies the Network ID and which identifies the Host?

A

NIC uses a value called the subnet mask

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9
Q

What does a subnet mask do?

A

A subnet mask blocks out/masks the network portion of an IP address

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10
Q

When comparing a subnet mask to the IP address, any part that’s all 255’s is what?

Example subnet mask of: 255.255.255.0
IP address: 192.168.4.33

A

the Network ID

(192.168.4)

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11
Q

When comparing a subnet mask to the IP address, any part that’s all 0’s is what?

Example subnet mask of: 255.255.255.0
IP address: 192.168.4.33

A

the Host ID

(33)

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12
Q

Every computer on a single LAN must have the same ___ ___ and a ___ ___ ___

A

every computer on a single LAN must have the same network ID and a unique host ID

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13
Q

What happens if 2 computers have the same IP address?

A

they won’t be able to talk to each other, and other computers won’t know where to send data

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14
Q

What is an IP conflict?

A

when 2 computers have the same IP address

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15
Q

How many total Host IP addresses are available?

A

254 addresses (ending in 1-254)

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16
Q

We can never have an IP address that ends with what two numbers?

A

IP addresses can never end in 0 or 255

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17
Q

What is classful addressing?

A

Determining the amount of unique host IDs available depending on the address class (A, B, or C)

(the class system is long gone)

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18
Q

Although the class system is long gone, it’s still common to see subnet masks with 1-3 groups of what number?

A

255

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19
Q

What is the current system of assigning IPv4 addresses and subnet masks called?

A

Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR)

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20
Q

What does CIDR stand for?

A

Classless Inter-Domain Routing

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21
Q

With CIDR, network techs refer to the subnet mask by the number of…

A

1s that it contains

Example subnet mask:
11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000
would be /24

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22
Q

A /24 network ID offers up to how many host IDs?

A

254 host IDs

(remember, no IP address can end in 0 or 255 so only 1-254 is available)

23
Q

With CIDR, how do you pronounce /24?

A

whack 24

24
Q

You can’t use 0 for host IDs because…?

A

that’s the address of the subnet itself

25
Q

What is an IPv4 loopback address? What is it assigned to?

A

the logical address assigned to the network adapter in a computer/device

(loopback usually refers to the NIC or its network adapter)

26
Q

Why is the loopback address almost always the same on all network-enabled computers?

A

there’s a set standard for the loopback address range

27
Q

On any single PC using IPv4 addressing, what is the loopback address likely to be?

A

the loopback address is likely to be 127.0.0.1 (but not always)

(same for other PCs on the same network, no issue because it loops back to itself)

28
Q

Network-capable devices can have multiple network adapters which is referred to as?

A

being multi-homed

29
Q

In which situation would a loopback address be different from the typical 127.0.0.1?

A

a network device has multiple network adapters (multi-homed) and is assigned a different loopback address

(127.0.0.0-127.255.255.255 range)

30
Q

What are the 2 ways that devices get IP addresses?

A
  1. A DHCP server automatically assigns a dynamic IP address
  2. Technician sets up a static IP address (manually configured)
31
Q

What does DHCP stand for?

A

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol

32
Q

What does a DHCP server do?

A

Automatically assigns an unused IP address to a host each time it connects to the network

33
Q

What kind of DHCP servers do business and small home networks use? (2)

A

Business = dedicated DHCP server
Small home networks = basic DHCP server function built into the switch/router

34
Q

What are the 4 steps involved in a device securing an IP address from a DHCP server?

The network
The DHCP
The device
Lease

A
  1. The network device wants to connect to the network, and sends out a broadcast message looking for a DHCP server
  2. The DHCP server answers, the device requests an IP address and is granted a temp lease on a particular IP address
  3. The device can ask for a renewal halfway through lease
  4. Lease expires when lease time runs out or the device shuts down
35
Q

Who controls the lease time of an IP address?

A

the DHCP server

36
Q

What command can you use at a command line interface to release or renew an IP address lease?

A

ipconfig

37
Q

What is a static address? Is it permanent or temporary?

A

one that is (semi)permanently assigned to a particular device

(it doesn’t consult with the DHCP to see if its available, just uses it)

38
Q

What should you make sure you do if you setup a device with a static IP address?

A

configure the DHCP server to avoid assigning that IP address to any other device

39
Q

What is a DNS server?

A

an Internet server that translates IP addresses into domain names (google.com)

40
Q

What is private network addressing?

A

each host is not directly connected to the Internet so they don’t need an IP address that is globally unique

(computers on a LAN, only the router has a direct connection to the ISP)

41
Q

DHCP servers built into consumer-level routers are set up by default to assign what 3 IP address blocks?

A

192.168.0.0 - 192.168.255.255 (Private networks)
10.0.0.0 - 10.255.255.255
172.16.0.0 - 172.31.255.255

42
Q

What does APIPA stand for?

A

Automatic Private IP Addressing

43
Q

What does APIPA do? (What assigns it?)

A

The operating system assigns an IP address to the system automatically when the system cannot access a DHCP server to obtain an IP address

44
Q

When using APIPA, the system can only communicate with other computers on the same subnet that use what?

A

the same IP address range (with the same subnet mask)

45
Q

A computer with an APIPA IP address range indicates what?

A

if there’s an active DHCP server, it means there’s a problem connecting to it

46
Q

What is the default gateway?

A

It’s the [first] LAN IP address assigned to the port on your router that your computer uses to send data anywhere outside your Network ID

47
Q

Home broadband routers usually come preconfigured to use what IP address as the default gateway?

Avoid assigning this address to a host!

A

192.168.0.1

48
Q

What’s the APIPA address range?

A

from 169.254.0.1 to 169.254.255.254

49
Q

The IPv4 loopback address is?

A

127.0.0.1

50
Q

What’s the private IP address range?

A

192.168.0.0 - 192.168.255.255

51
Q

What’s the purpose of a loopback address?

A

Useful for testing because it loops back to itself

52
Q

Private networks use what 3 ranges of reserved IPv4 addresses?

A
  1. 192.168.0.0 - 192.168.255.255
  2. 10.0.0.0 - 10.255.255.255
  3. 172.16.0.0 - 172.31.255.255
53
Q

What is the default gateway?

A

the port on the router that connects to your LAN (it receives an IP address that’s part of the LAN address scheme)

CompTIA A+ Certification Prep 3: Network/Security (45 decks)

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