Lesson 3 - Chapter 1: Network Basics Flashcards
what is the local host?
your computer
what is a remote host?
not your local computer
what is a host?
any computing device connected to a network
what happens when you access a website?
your web browser asks the web server to share the web page files (and then your computer displays them)
what is a client?
the computer requesting data
what is a server?
the computer that serves the information
for YouTube, what servers do you connect to to watch a video?
you connect to the web server that connects to massive video databases that use special software to send video fast without you waiting to watch it
youtube’s video storage system is a type of?
storage area network (SAN)
what is a print server?
a computer on a network with a USB-connected printer with Windows’ print-sharing feature enabled
what you can share and access is limited by what? (2)
- finding a server app capable of sharing it
- a client app that can access it
whats a file server?
a networked host that enables you to access many files/folders
what is a mail server?
a networked host you use to access email messages
what are legacy and embedded systems?
they perform very specific, non-modern tasks (old machining process sent over a network)
what is a resource?
anything that one computer might share with another
One way to differentiate networks is by their scope. What is that?
how close together are the computers involved
What’s the scope of a PAN?
Personal Area Network involves only one person/computer
How would you use a PAN?
Bluetooth, wireless connection of peripherals
What is the scope of a LAN?
a local area network is a group of computers located physically close to each other (few hundred meters)
(single room, single floor, single building, etc)
All computers in a LAN share a common broadcast domain. What is that?
When a broadcast message is sent out, each computer is able to receive it
What is a wireless LAN called?
WLAN (wireless local area network)
What’s the next network scope after LAN and what does it stand for?
MAN
metropolitan area network (city, owned by local gov or utility company)
What does WAN stand for? What is it?
Wide Area Network (WAN)
connects a widespread group of computers (LANs) using long-distance technology
What does CAN stand for and what is it?
Corporate/Campus Area Network (CAN)
A collection of LANs that belong to the same company/campus, are a step above LAN but smaller than WAN/MAN
What does SAN stand for and what does it do?
Storage Area Network (SAN)
provides block-level storage (shared network storage, cloud storage) that makes the user think it’s attached to their local PC
a router lets you talk to computers that are what?
outside your network
What is a router? It has at least 2 what?
a device that has at least 2 IP addresses:
1 that connects to your LAN switch
1 that connects to the “next network” (ISP, another router at the company)
What’s the difference between a switch and a router?
a switch moves traffic within the same LAN, routers move traffic between LANs
How does a host sending a packet make the decision to send it to either the switch or the router?
It looks at the subnet mask (IPv4) or prefix length (IPv6) of the destination IP address to determine whether they are both on the same LAN
same LAN = switch
different network = router
(looking at that determines where the network address ends and host address begins)
Each client or server needs what 4 things?
- Network Interface Controller (NIC) - circuit board or chip
- Unique Address - MAC and IP address
- Communication medium - way to send/receive data (cable, radio waves)
- OS support (talk to its own network hardware)
What does NIC stand for? What is it?
Network Interface Controller
it’s the hardware connection that manages the connection to a network (between the OS and network)
What is a NIC’s unique hardware address called?
Media Access Control (MAC) address
(never changes, like a physical home address)
Each network will have what 2 addresses?
- MAC (Media Access Control) address
- IP (Internet Protocol) address
What does a MAC address look like?
a string of binary numbers (1s and 0s) that is 48 bits long
(bits, binary digits)
What’s the difference between binary and hexadecimal numbering?
hexadecimal is base 16 and binary is base 2
Hexadecimal numbers are normally written in what 2 ways? (MAC address)
With spaces/colons between every 2 digits OR every 4 digits
C0 3E BA 3F 11 4A
OR
C03E BA3F 114A
What makes MAC addresses permanent?
they’re burned into the NIC
How is data moved from one device to another? What is it called?
in chunks called frames
(frame = envelope for data to be sent)
Are packets and frames the same thing?
No, packets are part of a frame
What 4 things does a frame contain?
- Destination MAC address
- Source MAC address
- Data
- Frame Check Sequence (FCS)
What is FCS?
Frame Check Sequence is error-detecting code
