Lesson 3 - Chapter 1: Network Basics

Question 1

what is the local host?

Answer 1

your computer

Question 2

what is a remote host?

Answer 2

not your local computer

Question 3

what is a host?

Answer 3

any computing device connected to a network

Question 4

what happens when you access a website?

Answer 4

your web browser asks the web server to share the web page files (and then your computer displays them)

Question 5

what is a client?

Answer 5

the computer requesting data

Question 6

what is a server?

Answer 6

the computer that serves the information

Question 7

for YouTube, what servers do you connect to to watch a video?

Answer 7

you connect to the web server that connects to massive video databases that use special software to send video fast without you waiting to watch it

Question 8

youtube’s video storage system is a type of?

Answer 8

storage area network (SAN)

Question 9

what is a print server?

Answer 9

a computer on a network with a USB-connected printer with Windows’ print-sharing feature enabled

Question 10

what you can share and access is limited by what? (2)

Answer 10

• finding a server app capable of sharing it
• a client app that can access it

Question 11

whats a file server?

Answer 11

a networked host that enables you to access many files/folders

Question 12

what is a mail server?

Answer 12

a networked host you use to access email messages

Question 13

what are legacy and embedded systems?

Answer 13

they perform very specific, non-modern tasks (old machining process sent over a network)

Question 14

what is a resource?

Answer 14

anything that one computer might share with another

Question 15

One way to differentiate networks is by their scope. What is that?

Answer 15

how close together are the computers involved

Question 16

What’s the scope of a PAN?

Answer 16

Personal Area Network involves only one person/computer

Question 17

How would you use a PAN?

Answer 17

Bluetooth, wireless connection of peripherals

Question 18

What is the scope of a LAN?

Answer 18

a local area network is a group of computers located physically close to each other (few hundred meters)

(single room, single floor, single building, etc)

Question 19

All computers in a LAN share a common broadcast domain. What is that?

Answer 19

When a broadcast message is sent out, each computer is able to receive it

Question 20

What is a wireless LAN called?

Answer 20

WLAN (wireless local area network)

Question 21

What’s the next network scope after LAN and what does it stand for?

Answer 21

MAN

metropolitan area network (city, owned by local gov or utility company)

Question 22

What does WAN stand for? What is it?

Answer 22

Wide Area Network (WAN)

connects a widespread group of computers (LANs) using long-distance technology

Question 23

What does CAN stand for and what is it?

Answer 23

Corporate/Campus Area Network (CAN)

A collection of LANs that belong to the same company/campus, are a step above LAN but smaller than WAN/MAN

Question 24

What does SAN stand for and what does it do?

Answer 24

Storage Area Network (SAN)

provides block-level storage (shared network storage, cloud storage) that makes the user think it’s attached to their local PC

Question 25

a router lets you talk to computers that are what?

Answer 25

outside your network

Question 26

What is a router? It has at least 2 what?

Answer 26

a device that has at least 2 IP addresses:
1 that connects to your LAN switch
1 that connects to the “next network” (ISP, another router at the company)

Question 27

What’s the difference between a switch and a router?

Answer 27

a switch moves traffic within the same LAN, routers move traffic between LANs

Question 28

How does a host sending a packet make the decision to send it to either the switch or the router?

Answer 28

It looks at the subnet mask (IPv4) or prefix length (IPv6) of the destination IP address to determine whether they are both on the same LAN

same LAN = switch
different network = router

(looking at that determines where the network address ends and host address begins)

Question 29

Each client or server needs what 4 things?

Answer 29

1. Network Interface Controller (NIC) - circuit board or chip
2. Unique Address - MAC and IP address
3. Communication medium - way to send/receive data (cable, radio waves)
4. OS support (talk to its own network hardware)

Question 30

What does NIC stand for? What is it?

Answer 30

Network Interface Controller

it’s the hardware connection that manages the connection to a network (between the OS and network)

Question 31

What is a NIC’s unique hardware address called?

Answer 31

Media Access Control (MAC) address

(never changes, like a physical home address)

Question 32

Each network will have what 2 addresses?

Answer 32

1. MAC (Media Access Control) address
2. IP (Internet Protocol) address

Question 33

What does a MAC address look like?

Answer 33

a string of binary numbers (1s and 0s) that is 48 bits long

(bits, binary digits)

Question 34

What’s the difference between binary and hexadecimal numbering?

Answer 34

hexadecimal is base 16 and binary is base 2

Question 35

Hexadecimal numbers are normally written in what 2 ways? (MAC address)

Answer 35

With spaces/colons between every 2 digits OR every 4 digits

C0 3E BA 3F 11 4A
OR
C03E BA3F 114A

Question 36

What makes MAC addresses permanent?

Answer 36

they’re burned into the NIC

Question 37

How is data moved from one device to another? What is it called?

Answer 37

in chunks called frames

(frame = envelope for data to be sent)

Question 38

Are packets and frames the same thing?

Answer 38

No, packets are part of a frame

Question 39

What 4 things does a frame contain?

Answer 39

1. Destination MAC address
2. Source MAC address
3. Data
4. Frame Check Sequence (FCS)

Question 40

What is FCS?

Answer 40

Frame Check Sequence is error-detecting code