Lesson 3A (Part 2) Flashcards
MRI
Magnetic resonance imaging
What is MRI?
A powerful magnetic field and radio waves used to create whole body or focused body images
How does MRI work?
Water molecules are aligned and then relaxed, generating electromagnetic currents
What does MRI provide?
A detailed picture of organs and blood vessels
What can MRI’s image? (5)
- Head
- Chest
- Abdomen
- Tumours
- Abnormalities
Mammography
Imaging of the breast tissue using low dose x-ray
What can mammograms image?
Tumours in real time
- cancer
- benign lesion
Urography
X-ray recording of the kidney and urinary tract
How is contract material injected for urography?
Intravenously
What is taken at the same time as urograms?
X-rays
What can urography outline?
Blockages caused by a tumour or a stone
What does urography demonstrate?
Deficiency of flow (renal filing) due to poor function
IVP
Intravenous pyelogram
- pelvis
What are 4 procedures done in conjunction with ultrasound guidance?
- Amniocentesis
- Biopsy
- Digital rectal exam
- Thoracentesis
Amniocentesis
Is a procedure to remove some amniotic fluid surrounding a fetus in the pregnancy sac
- fluid contains cells from the fetus that can be analyzed for chromosomal abnormalities
Biopsy
Is the removed of a piece of tissue from the body for examination under a microscope
What do the cells identify in biopsy?
The cell type, whether is it normal vs abnormal
Core biopsy
A surgical knife and needle to aspirate the tissue
DRE
Digital rectal exam
What is a digital rectal exam?
A physician inserts a gloved finger (digital) into the patients rectum
What can DRE detect?
Abnormalities in the shape and texture of the gland which may be due to rectal or prostate cancer
What is the stool on the glove for DRE tested for?
Occult blood
- a sign of possible disease
Thoracentesis
Insertion of a needle into the chest to remove fluid from the space between the lungs and the chest wall (pleural cavity)
- fluid can be drained and analyzed
- diagnostic or therapeutic procedure
Liver function tests
Common blood tests used to assess for liver disease
What can ultrasound liver function tests rule out? (4)
- Excessive fat in the liver cells
- steatosis - Blockage in bile flow
- biliary obstruction / dilatation - Infections
- hepatitis - Tumours
- hepatoma
Kidney function test
Common blood tests used to assess renal function
What are 3 examples of kidney functions tests?
- Blood urea nitrogen
- BUN - Creatinine
- eGFR
Creatinine
Measures nitrogen waste material in blood
eGFR
Estimated glomerular filtration rate
- measures how well the kidneys are functioning
