Lesson 3A (Part 2)

Question 1

MRI

Answer 1

Magnetic resonance imaging

Question 2

What is MRI?

Answer 2

A powerful magnetic field and radio waves used to create whole body or focused body images

Question 3

How does MRI work?

Answer 3

Water molecules are aligned and then relaxed, generating electromagnetic currents

Question 4

What does MRI provide?

Answer 4

A detailed picture of organs and blood vessels

Question 5

What can MRI’s image? (5)

Answer 5

1. Head
2. Chest
3. Abdomen
4. Tumours
5. Abnormalities

Question 6

Mammography

Answer 6

Imaging of the breast tissue using low dose x-ray

Question 7

What can mammograms image?

Answer 7

Tumours in real time

• cancer
• benign lesion

Question 8

Urography

Answer 8

X-ray recording of the kidney and urinary tract

Question 9

How is contract material injected for urography?

Answer 9

Intravenously

Question 10

What is taken at the same time as urograms?

Answer 10

X-rays

Question 11

What can urography outline?

Answer 11

Blockages caused by a tumour or a stone

Question 12

What does urography demonstrate?

Answer 12

Deficiency of flow (renal filing) due to poor function

Question 13

IVP

Answer 13

Intravenous pyelogram

- pelvis

Question 14

What are 4 procedures done in conjunction with ultrasound guidance?

Answer 14

1. Amniocentesis
2. Biopsy
3. Digital rectal exam
4. Thoracentesis

Question 15

Amniocentesis

Answer 15

Is a procedure to remove some amniotic fluid surrounding a fetus in the pregnancy sac
- fluid contains cells from the fetus that can be analyzed for chromosomal abnormalities

Question 16

Biopsy

Answer 16

Is the removed of a piece of tissue from the body for examination under a microscope

Question 17

What do the cells identify in biopsy?

Answer 17

The cell type, whether is it normal vs abnormal

Question 18

Core biopsy

Answer 18

A surgical knife and needle to aspirate the tissue

Question 19

DRE

Answer 19

Digital rectal exam

Question 20

What is a digital rectal exam?

Answer 20

A physician inserts a gloved finger (digital) into the patients rectum

Question 21

What can DRE detect?

Answer 21

Abnormalities in the shape and texture of the gland which may be due to rectal or prostate cancer

Question 22

What is the stool on the glove for DRE tested for?

Answer 22

Occult blood

- a sign of possible disease

Question 23

Thoracentesis

Answer 23

Insertion of a needle into the chest to remove fluid from the space between the lungs and the chest wall (pleural cavity)

• fluid can be drained and analyzed
• diagnostic or therapeutic procedure

Question 24

Liver function tests

Answer 24

Common blood tests used to assess for liver disease

Question 25

What can ultrasound liver function tests rule out? (4)

Answer 25

1. Excessive fat in the liver cells
   - steatosis
2. Blockage in bile flow
   - biliary obstruction / dilatation
3. Infections
   - hepatitis
4. Tumours
   - hepatoma

Question 26

Kidney function test

Answer 26

Common blood tests used to assess renal function

Question 27

What are 3 examples of kidney functions tests?

Answer 27

1. Blood urea nitrogen
   - BUN
2. Creatinine
3. eGFR

Question 28

Creatinine

Answer 28

Measures nitrogen waste material in blood

Question 29

eGFR

Answer 29

Estimated glomerular filtration rate

- measures how well the kidneys are functioning