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Medical Terminology > Lesson 3A (Part 1) > Flashcards

Lesson 3A (Part 1) Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

What is used in many diagnostic procedures?

A

A contrast substance

- dye

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2
Q

Why is a constrast substance used?

A

To better define or delineate a structure

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3
Q

Where are contrast substances injected? (4)

A
  1. Bloodstream
  2. GI tract
  3. Joint spaces
  4. Spinal canal
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4
Q

Angiography

A

X-ray imaging of blood vessels (veins or arteries)

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5
Q

What does cerebral angiography visualize?

A

The blood vessels of the brain

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6
Q

What does coronary angiography visualize?

A

The blood vessels of the heart

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7
Q

What does arteriography visualize?

A

The peripheral arteries

- eg) legs and arms

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8
Q

Whats does venography visualize?

A

The veins

- looking for blood clots

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9
Q

What does arthography visualize?

A

The joint

- knees and shoulders are most common

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10
Q

What mixtures are in barium tests?

A

Barium sulfate

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11
Q

What does barium tests visualize? (4)

A
  1. Esophagus
  2. Stomach
  3. Small intestines
  4. Large intestines
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12
Q

What are barium tests primarily used for?

A

To rule out lesions, ulcers and filing defects

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13
Q

What is used in chest x-ray?

A

Ionizing radiation

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14
Q

What do x-rays visualize? (3)

A
  1. Lungs
  2. Heart
  3. Mediastinal strucutures
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15
Q

What are chest rays used to detect? (5)

A
  1. Large tumors
  2. Infections
    - eg) pneumonia
  3. Fluid accumulation
    - eg) pleural effusions
  4. Disease
    - chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
  5. Heart enlargement
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16
Q

CT

A

Computerized tomography

17
Q

What do CT scans use?

A

A series of x-ray images to show organs in cross section

18
Q

What do CT scans visualize? (4)

A

Structures in the…

  1. Head
  2. Chest
  3. Abdomen
  4. Pelvis
19
Q

What can be assessed in CT scans? (3)

A
  1. Tumors
  2. Vascular abnormalities
  3. Injuries
20
Q

Doppler ultrasound

A

Ultrasound used to measure blood flow within a vessel

21
Q

What are 2 types of doppler ultrasound?

A
  1. Pulsed or continuous wave doppler

2. Colour doppler

22
Q

Whats does doppler ultrasound use?

A

Duplex sonography

23
Q

What makes up duplex sonography? (2)

A
  1. Gray scale

2. Doppler

24
Q

What does doppler ultrasound visualize?

A

Vessels and measures blood flow within them

25
Q

What does doppler ultrasound measure?

A

The reflected movements of red blood cells

26
Q

What are common reasons to use doppler ultrasounds?

A

Blockages (stenosis) in arteries and blood clots (thrombus) in veins

Medical Terminology (33 decks)

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