Lesson 3.6 Flashcards
These receptors cause the autonomic nervous system to slow down the heart rate (bradycardia) and produce a drop in aortic pressure.
BARORECEPTORS & CHEMORECEPTORS
The patient may faint or lose consciousness which ahs been referred to as a vasovagal reaction.
BARORECEPTORS & CHEMORECEPTORS
Used to add density to vascular structures. Increased density of the media alters the attenuation of x-rays passing through the area, thus enhancing the anatomic image on the radiographic film.
INTRAVASCULAR RADIOPAQUE CM
Various physiologic effects.
OSMOLALITY EFFECTS
Intravascular administration of ROCM will cause transient rise in intravascular osmotic pressure.
OSMOLALITY EFFECTS
These effects will cause fluid extraction from red blood cells (RBCs), extravascular space. endothelium, and the extravascular space
OSMOLALITY EFFECTS
This can theoretically result in bleeding and bruising episodes. Low-osmolality ROCM do not appear to produce anticoagulant effects.
ANTICOAGULATION EFFECTS
ROCM can chelate (bind to) calcium cardiovascular system after injection. ions in the
CHELATION EFFECTS
May be one pharmacodynamic mechanism by which adverse heart rhythms, such as pulseless electrical activity (PEA), cardiac arrest, and sudden death, occur in a minority of patients receiving intravascular ROCM.
CALCIUM CHELATION
The immune system is highly complex and consists of various components, including physical barriers and biochemical defenses.
IMMUNE SYSTEM-LIKE EFFECTS
The biochemical defenses are thought to have a role in the immediately life-threatening reaction mimicking an anaphylactic reaction that can occur with ROCM.
IMMUNE SYSTEM-LIKE EFFECTS
Must be within the range of 280 to 370 mg/ml for a normal x-ray film to reflect the vascular lumen.
SERUM IODINE CONCENTRATION
For computed tomography (CT) or digital subtraction angiography (DSA), the serum iodine concentration needs only to be between 2 and 8 mg/ml.
SERUM IODINE CONCENTRATION
An estimated one of every 20,000 to 40,000 patients receiving ROCM dies as a result of these adverse effects.
ADVERSE PHARMACODYNAMICS
Although the odds of death appear low, they become very real if it happens to you or your patient. Thus, it is paramount that the technologist understand adverse effects so that proper actions can be instituted as rapidly as possible.
ADVERSE PHARMACODYNAMICS
