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Memoria Press Second Form Latin > Lesson 3: Grammar Review > Flashcards

Lesson 3: Grammar Review Flashcards

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Latin flashcards
1
Q

Give the five vowel letters and their long sounds in Latin.

A

a, e, i, o, u

/ah/ /ay/ /ee/ /oh/ ōō/

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2
Q

Give two Latin words that have the long sound of the five vowels.

A

glória Jesu

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3
Q

Always in Latin and usually in English, c, g, and sc are hard before

A

a, o, u, consonants

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4
Q

Always in Latin and usually in English, c, g, and sc are soft before

A

e, i, ae, oe

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5
Q

In Latin and English, hard c has the sound of

A

/k/

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6
Q

Soft c has the sound of ___ in English and ___ in Latin.

A

/s/; /ch/

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7
Q

In Latin, gn is pronounced like ___. Give two examples.

A

/ny/; pugno (I fight), magnus (large)

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8
Q

Give the names, from left to right, of the last three syllables of a Latin word.

A

antepenult; penult; ultima

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9
Q

The accent is on the ___ unless the ___ is marked.

A

penult; antepenult

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10
Q

Verb familes are called ___, and noun families are called ___.

A

conjugations; declensions

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11
Q

How many declensions are there? Name them.

A

five; 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th

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12
Q

Give the four attributes of nouns.

A

declension, gender, number, and case

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13
Q

The three genders are ___.

A

masculine, feminine, neuter

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14
Q

Nouns that name male or female persons or animals have ___ gender. Give three English examples.

A

natural; sister, brother, father, queen, king, uncle, etc.

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15
Q

Nouns that name non-living things have ___ gender.

A

grammatical

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16
Q

To what does the case of a noun refer?

A

the job (function) of a noun in a sentence

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17
Q

Name the cases in order.

A

nominative, genitive, dative, accusative, ablative

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18
Q

What is the subject case?

A

nominative

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19
Q

What is the direct object case?

A

accusative

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20
Q

What is the indirect object case?

A

dative

21
Q

What is the possessive case?

A

genitive

22
Q

What is the in/by/with/from case?

A

ablative

23
Q

What is the to/for case?

A

dative

24
Q

What is the of case?

A

genitive

25
Q

The genitive singular of a 1st-declension noun always ends in ___.

A

-ae

26
Q

1st-declension nouns are usually what gender?

A

feminine

27
Q

Three exceptions to the 1st-declension gender rule are ___.

A

agricola, nauta, poeta

28
Q

Latin does not have the English articles ___.

A

a, an, the

29
Q

Give three translations for the Latin noun mensa.

A

table, a table, the table

30
Q

The genitive singular of a 2nd-declension noun always ends in ___.

A

-i

31
Q

2nd-declension -us nouns are usually ___ in gender.

A

masculine

32
Q

Name the two subgroups of the 2nd declension, and give their gender.

A
  1. -us nouns with masculine gender
  2. -um nouns with neuter gender
33
Q

Verbs have ___ endings and nouns have ___ endings.

A

personal, tense; case

34
Q

2nd-declension -um nouns are always ___ in gender.

A

neuter

35
Q

The natural gender rule ___ all other gender rules.

A

trumps

36
Q

What is the neuter rule?

A

nominative and accusative endings are the same

nominative and accusative plural ending is -a

37
Q

The declension a noun belongs to is determend by the ___ ending.

A

genitive singular

38
Q

The subject and verb must agree in ___.

A

person and number

39
Q

What does an adjective do?

A

An adjective modifies or describes a noun or pronoun.

40
Q

In Latin an adjective must agree with its noun in ___, ___, and ___, but not ___.

A

gender, number, case; declension

41
Q

Usually an adjective of ___ precedes a noun, and an adjective of ___ follows a noun.

A

quantity or size; quality

42
Q

Counting numbers are called ___ numbers.

A

cardinal

43
Q

Numbers which indicate the order of things in a series are called ___ numbers.

A

ordinal

44
Q

What is Sentence Pattern #3?

A

Subject + Linking verb + Predicate Adjective

45
Q

What is Sentence Pattern #4?

A

Subject + Linking verb + Predicate Nominative

46
Q

Give the three nominative singular endings for 2nd-declension masculine nouns.

A

-us, -er, -ir

47
Q

2nd declension -er nouns either ___ or ___ the e in the stem.

A

drop; retain

48
Q

Some nouns have only plural forms. An example is ___.

A

liberi liberorum

49
Q

Four confusing words with the root of liber are ___.

A

liberi liberorum (children)

liber libri (book)

liber libera liberum (free)

libero (1) (to set free)

Memoria Press Second Form Latin (86 decks)

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