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Memoria Press Second Form Latin > Lesson 26: Grammar Review > Flashcards

Lesson 26: Grammar Review Flashcards

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Latin flashcards
1
Q

Give the three nominative singular endings for 2nd-declension masculine nouns.

A

-us, -er, -ir

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2
Q

2nd declension -er nouns either ___ or ___ the e in the stem.

A

drop; retain

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3
Q

Some nouns have only plural forms. An example is ___.

A

liberi liberorum

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4
Q

Four confusing words with the root of liber are ___.

A

liberi liberorum (children)

liber libri (book)

liber libera liberum (free)

libero (1) (to set free)

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5
Q

What kind of verbs have indirect objects?

Give Latin examples.

A

giving and telling

do, demonstro, núntio, narro

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6
Q

What are the two ways to show an indirect object in English?

A

the preposition to; word order - the indirect object precedes the direct object

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7
Q

In Latin the indirect object is in the ___ case.

A

dative

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8
Q

What is Sentence Pattern #5

A

subject + verb + I.O. + D.O.

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9
Q

Give an example of Sentence Pattern #5 in Latin.

A

Maria Marco rosam dedit.

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10
Q

Name the four verb complements you have learned.

A

predicate nominative, predicate adjective, direct object, indirect object

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11
Q

What are the two ways to show possession in English?

A

preposition of and ’s

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12
Q

In Latin the possessive noun is is in the ___ case.

A

genitive

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13
Q

3rd-declension nouns that have a genitive plural in -ium are called ___.

A

i-stems

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14
Q

Give two indications a noun may be an i-stem and an example of each.

A

(1) same number of syllables in nominative and genitive - collis collis
(2) stem ends in two consonants - pons pontis

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15
Q

What are the two types of adjectives in Latin

A

1st/2nd-declension and 3rd-declension

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16
Q

3rd-declension adjectives are related to ___.

A

i-stem nouns

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17
Q

Define pronoun.

A

A pronoun takes the place of a noun.

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18
Q

How many kinds of pronouns are there? Name them in pairs.

A

8: personal, possessive; reflexive, intensive; interrogative, relative; demonstrative, indefinite

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19
Q

What is an antecedent?

A

An antecedent is the noun the pronoun takes the place of.

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20
Q

Give the Latin word for we: ___ for us:

A

nos; nos

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21
Q

How do you write cum with the 1st/2nd-person pronuns?

A

mecum tecum nobiscum vobiscum

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22
Q

The genitive of 1st- and 2nd-person pronouns is used for ___ expressions that do not show ___.

A

of; possession

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23
Q

To show possession in the 1st and 2nd person, use the possessive pronoun adjectives:

A

meus tuus noster vester

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24
Q

Do the possessive pronoun adjectives function like adjectives or pronouns?

A

adjectives

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25
Q

Give the Adjective Agreement Rule.

A

An adjective agrees with its noun in gender, number, and case, but not declension.

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26
Q

Give the Pronoun Agreement Rule.

A

A pronoun agress with its antecedent in gender and number, but its case is determined by its function in its own clause.

27
Q

Define preposition.

A

A preposition shows the relationship between its object and another word in the sentence.

28
Q

A prepositional phrase consists of the preposition and its ___

A

object (and modifiers)

29
Q

What English word adds an additional letter before words that begin with vowels?

A

a

30
Q

What two Latin prepositions are similar to this word?

A

a/ab, e/ex

31
Q

Latin prepositions govern either the ___ or ___ case.

A

ablative; accusative

32
Q

Prepositions that express motion forward generally take what case?

A

accusative

33
Q

Prepositions that expression location, no motion, or motion from, take what case?

A

ablative

34
Q

Give two prepositions that can either take the ablative or the accusative case.

A

in, sub

35
Q

The infinitive ending for 2nd-conjugation verbs is ___; and for 3rd-conjugation verbs is ___.

A

-ēre; -ere

36
Q

The 3rd conjugation does not have a stem with a consistent ___.

A

stem vowel

37
Q

In the 3rd conjugation, you must chop to the ___ to find the present stem.

A

root

38
Q

How can you remember the variable vowels in the 3rd conjugation present system?

A

AE in future, IOU in present

39
Q

Why is the 3rd conjugation an old maid?

A

It has no bo’s in the future.

40
Q

The infinitive of the 4th conjugation is

A

-ire

41
Q

Give the stem vowels for all four conjugations.

A

1st - a, 2nd - ē, 3rd - none, 4th - i

42
Q

The present system of the 4th conjugation is essentially the same as the 3rd conjugation with the addition of ___.

A

the stem vowel i

43
Q

3rd io verbs belong to the 3rd conjugation because their infinitive ends in ___.

A

-ere

44
Q

The present system of 3rd io verbs looks exactly like ___.

A

the present system of the 4th conjugation

45
Q

Define adverb.

A

An adverb modifies a verb, adjective, or another adverb.

46
Q

An adverb most commonly modifies a verb by answering the questions ___.

A

how, when, where, to what extent

47
Q

Many 1st/2nd-declension adjectives can be changed into adverbs by adding ___ to the adjective stem.

A

-ē

48
Q

Many 3rd declension adjectives can be changed into adverbs by adding ___ to the adjective stem.

A

-iter

49
Q

Some adjectives use their ___ forms as adverbs. These forms end in either ___ or ___.

Two examples are ___ and ___.

A

neutuer singular accusative; -um; -e

multum, fácile

50
Q

The perfect system is ___ regular in all four conjugations.

A

perfectly

51
Q

How do you find the perfect stem for all four conjugations?

A

Drop the i from the 3rd principal part.

52
Q

Although 3rd-conjugation verbs do not have regular principal parts, they do have ___ that will help you remember them. What is the pattern for verbs like rego?

A

patterns

-o -ere -xi -ctus

53
Q

What are the two types of direct questions?

A

1) questions introduced by question words
2) questions answered with a yes or no

54
Q

How do you form yes or no questions in English?

A

by placing the helping verb first

55
Q

How do you form yes or no questions in Latin?

A

Add the enclitic -ne to the end of the first word, usually the verb.

56
Q

Give the six common question words in English.

A

who, what, when, where, why how

57
Q

Give the two voices of Latin verbs.

A

active and passive

58
Q

In the active voice, the subject ___.

A

performs the action of the verb

59
Q

In the passive voice, the subject ___.

A

receives the action of the verb

60
Q

To form the passive forms of the present system, substitute ___ personal endings for ___ personal endings.

A

passive; active

61
Q

When the action of the passive verb is performed by a LIVING AGENT, the construction is called ___ and requires the preposition ___.

A

the ablative of agent; a/ab

62
Q

Give an example of the ablative of agent.

A

Galli a Caésare superantur. The Gauls are overcome by Caesar.

63
Q

When the action of the verb is performed by a NON-LIVING THING, the construction is called ___ and the preposition is ___.

A

ablative of means; omitted

64
Q

Give an example of an ablative of means.

A

Galli gládio superantur. The Gauls are overcome by the sword.

Memoria Press Second Form Latin (86 decks)

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