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Memoria Press Second Form Latin > Lesson 1: Grammar Review > Flashcards

Lesson 1: Grammar Review Flashcards

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Latin flashcards
1
Q

Give the five vowel letters and their long sounds in Latin.

A

a, e, i, o, u

/ah/ /ay/ /ee/ /oh/ ōō/

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2
Q

Give two Latin words that have the long sound of the five vowels.

A

glória Jesu

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3
Q

Always in Latin and usually in English, c, g, and sc are hard before

A

a, o, u, consonants

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4
Q

Always in Latin and usually in English, c, g, and sc are soft before

A

e, i, ae, oe

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5
Q

In Latin and English, hard c has the sound of

A

/k/

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6
Q

Soft c has the sound of ___ in English and ___ in Latin.

A

/s/; /ch/

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7
Q

In Latin, gn is pronounced like ___. Give two examples.

A

/ny/; pugno (I fight), magnus (large)

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8
Q

Give the names, from left to right, of the last three syllables of a Latin word.

A

antepenult; penult; ultima

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9
Q

The accent is on the ___ unless the ___ is marked.

A

penult; antepenult

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10
Q

Verb families are called ___.

A

conjugations

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11
Q

Give the six attributes of a Latin verb.

A

conjugation, person, number, tense, voice, mood

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12
Q

How many conjugations are there? Name them.

A

four; first, second, third, fourth

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13
Q

Give the three grammar persons.

A

first person, second person, third person

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14
Q

The 1st person is the person ___.

The 2nd person is the person ___.

The 3rd person is the person ___.

A

speaking

spoken to

spoken about

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15
Q

Give the two grammar numbers.

A

singular, plural

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16
Q

How many Latin tenses are there? Name them.

A

six; present, imperfect, future, perfect, pluperfect, future perfect

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17
Q

The stem vowel of the 1st conjugation is __.

A

a

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18
Q

Give the names for the three forms of the English present tense.

A

simple present, progressive present, emphatic present

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19
Q

In English I praise is the ___ present, I am praising is the ___ present, and I do praise is the ___ present.

A

simple; progressive; emphatic

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20
Q

In Latin grammar, imperfect means ___.

A

not finished

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21
Q

The imperfect tense sign is ___.

A

ba

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22
Q

The imperfect tense is used to describe an ___, ___, ___ or ___ ___action.

A

ongoing, repeated, habitual; interrupted

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23
Q

What English helping verbs translate the imperfect tense?

A

were, was

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24
Q

The two basic parts of a sentence are ___.

A

the subject and the predicate

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25
Q

The subject tells

A

who or what the sentence is about

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26
Q

The predicate tells ___

A

what the subject is or does

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27
Q

What is Sentence Pattern #1?

A

Subject + Verb

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28
Q

What English helping verb translates the Latin future tenses?

A

will

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29
Q

The three tenses that make up the present system are ___.

A

present, imperfect, future

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30
Q

The present system is built on the ___.

A

present stem

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31
Q

What are principal parts? How many are there?

A

The forms that provide the stems needed to conjugate a verb in all its tenses. There are usually four principal parts.

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32
Q

What is the name of the 2nd principal part?

A

infinitive

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33
Q

The infinitive ending for all 1st conjugation verbs is ___.

A

-are

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34
Q

How do you find the present stem?

A

Drop re from the infinitive

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35
Q

The English infinitive is written with the particle ___ before the verb.

A

to

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36
Q

The to be verb shows ___, not ___.

A

existence; action

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37
Q

Give the English forms of the to be verb.

A

am, is, are, was, were, be, being, been

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38
Q

Give the regular endings for the principal parts of 1st conjugation verbs.

A

-o -are -avi -atus

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39
Q

What is Sentence Pattern #2?

A

Subject + Verb + Direct Object

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40
Q

Something that completes the action of the verb is a ___.

A

complement

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41
Q

What is the first complement in this text?

A

the complementary infinitive

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42
Q

In Latin grammar, perfect means ___.

A

finished

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43
Q

The perfect tense describes what kind of action?

A

a one-time action completed in the past

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44
Q

The perfect tense is built on the ___ stem.

A

perfect

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45
Q

How do you find the perfect stem?

A

Drop -i from the 3rd principal part.

46
Q

Give three translations for amavi.

A

I loved, I have loved, I did love

47
Q

What English helping verbs translate the Latin perfect tense?

A

have, has, did

48
Q

The pluperfect tense is built on the ___ stem.

A

perfect

49
Q

The pluperfect tense describes what kind of action?

A

a past action completed prior to another past action

50
Q

What English helping verb translates the pluperfect tense?

A

had

51
Q

The pluperfect tense endings are identical to ___.

A

the imperfect tense of sum

52
Q

The future perfect tense is built on the ___ stem.

A

perfect

53
Q

The future perfect tense describes what kind of action?

A

a future action that will be completed prior to another future action

54
Q

What English helping verbs translate the future perfect tense?

A

will have

55
Q

The future perfect tense endings are identical to ___ except for the ___.

A

the future tense of sum; 3rd person plural

56
Q

The tenses that make up the present system are ___, ___, ___ and they are built on the ___.

A

perfect, pluperfect, future perfect; perfect stem

57
Q

Verb familes are called ___, and noun families are called ___.

A

conjugations; declensions

58
Q

How many declensions are there? Name them.

A

five; 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th

59
Q

Give the four attributes of nouns.

A

declension, gender, number, and case

60
Q

The three genders are ___.

A

masculine, feminine, neuter

61
Q

Nouns that name male or female persons or animals have ___ gender. Give three English examples.

A

natural; sister, brother, father, queen, king, uncle, etc.

62
Q

Nouns that name non-living things have ___ gender.

A

grammatical

63
Q

To what does the case of a noun refer?

A

the job (function) of a noun in a sentence

64
Q

Name the cases in order.

A

nominative, genitive, dative, accusative, ablative

65
Q

What is the subject case?

A

nominative

66
Q

What is the direct object case?

A

accusative

67
Q

What is the indirect object case?

A

dative

68
Q

What is the possessive case?

A

genitive

69
Q

What is the in/by/with/from case?

A

ablative

70
Q

What is the to/for case?

A

dative

71
Q

What is the of case?

A

genitive

72
Q

The genitive singular of a 1st-declension noun always ends in ___.

A

-ae

73
Q

1st-declension nouns are usually what gender?

A

feminine

74
Q

Three exceptions to the 1st-declension gender rule are ___.

A

agricola, nauta, poeta

75
Q

Latin does not have the English articles ___.

A

a, an, the

76
Q

Give three translations for the Latin noun mensa.

A

table, a table, the table

77
Q

The genitive singular of a 2nd-declension noun always ends in ___.

A

-i

78
Q

2nd-declension -us nouns are usually ___ in gender.

A

masculine

79
Q

Name the two subgroups of the 2nd declension, and give their gender.

A
  1. -us nouns with masculine gender
  2. -um nouns with neuter gender
80
Q

Verbs have ___ endings and nouns have ___ endings.

A

personal, tense; case

81
Q

2nd-declension -um nouns are always ___ in gender.

A

neuter

82
Q

The natural gender rule ___ all other gender rules.

A

trumps

83
Q

What is the neuter rule?

A

nominative and accusative endings are the same

nominative and accusative plural ending is -a

84
Q

The declension a noun belongs to is determend by the ___ ending.

A

genitive singular

85
Q

The subject and verb must agree in ___.

A

person and number

86
Q

What does an adjective do?

A

An adjective modifies or describes a noun or pronoun.

87
Q

In Latin an adjective must agree with its noun in ___, ___, and ___, but not ___.

A

gender, number, case; declension

88
Q

Usually an adjective of ___ precedes a noun, and an adjective of ___ follows a noun.

A

quantity or size; quality

89
Q

Counting numbers are called ___ numbers.

A

cardinal

90
Q

Numbers which indicate the order of things in a series are called ___ numbers.

A

ordinal

91
Q

What is Sentence Pattern #3?

A

Subject + Linking verb + Predicate Adjective

92
Q

What is Sentence Pattern #4?

A

Subject + Linking verb + Predicate Nominative

93
Q

Masculine and feminine nouns of the 3rd declension have ___ case endings.

A

the same

94
Q

The genitive singular of a 3rd-declension noun always ends in ___.

A

-is

95
Q

How do you find the stem of a Latin noun?

A

Drop the genitive singular ending.

96
Q

How can you know the gender of a 3rd-declension noun?

A

You have to memorize it.

97
Q

How many of the seven basic sentence patterns have complements?

A

six

98
Q

What are the three complements covered in this text?

A

direct object, predicate adjective, predicate nominative

99
Q

What are the two kinds of direct objects covered in this text?

A

complementary infinitive, direct object in the accusative case

100
Q

The usual word order for an English sentence is ___.

A

subject - verb - direct object

101
Q

The usual word order for a Latin sentence is ___.

A

subject - direct object - verb

102
Q

What kind of verb is never followed by a direct object?

A

the verb sum, the to be verb

103
Q

The genitive singular of the 4th declension always ends in ___.

A

-ūs

104
Q

Most 4th-declension nouns are ___ gender, but two common exceptions are ___.

A

masculine; domus and manus

105
Q

The genitive singular of the 5th declension is ___.

A

-ei

106
Q

Most 5th-declension nouns are ___ gender, but one common exception is ___.

A

feminine; dies

107
Q

The stem vowel of the 2nd conjugation is ___.

A

ē

108
Q

The infinitive ending for all 2nd-conjugation verbs is ___.

A

-ēre

109
Q

Give the regular endings for the principal parts of 2nd-conjugation verbs.

A

-eo -ēre -ui -itus

110
Q

Draw the gender triangle

A

Gender Triangle

Memoria Press Second Form Latin (86 decks)

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