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Memoria Press Second Form Latin > Lesson 1: Grammar Review > Flashcards

Lesson 1: Grammar Review Flashcards

1
Q

Give the five vowel letters and their long sounds in Latin.

A

a, e, i, o, u

/ah/ /ay/ /ee/ /oh/ ōō/

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2
Q

Give two Latin words that have the long sound of the five vowels.

A

glória Jesu

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3
Q

Always in Latin and usually in English, c, g, and sc are hard before

A

a, o, u, consonants

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4
Q

Always in Latin and usually in English, c, g, and sc are soft before

A

e, i, ae, oe

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5
Q

In Latin and English, hard c has the sound of

A

/k/

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6
Q

Soft c has the sound of ___ in English and ___ in Latin.

A

/s/; /ch/

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7
Q

In Latin, gn is pronounced like ___. Give two examples.

A

/ny/; pugno (I fight), magnus (large)

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8
Q

Give the names, from left to right, of the last three syllables of a Latin word.

A

antepenult; penult; ultima

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9
Q

The accent is on the ___ unless the ___ is marked.

A

penult; antepenult

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10
Q

Verb families are called ___.

A

conjugations

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11
Q

Give the six attributes of a Latin verb.

A

conjugation, person, number, tense, voice, mood

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12
Q

How many conjugations are there? Name them.

A

four; first, second, third, fourth

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13
Q

Give the three grammar persons.

A

first person, second person, third person

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14
Q

The 1st person is the person ___.

The 2nd person is the person ___.

The 3rd person is the person ___.

A

speaking

spoken to

spoken about

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15
Q

Give the two grammar numbers.

A

singular, plural

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16
Q

How many Latin tenses are there? Name them.

A

six; present, imperfect, future, perfect, pluperfect, future perfect

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17
Q

The stem vowel of the 1st conjugation is __.

A

a

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18
Q

Give the names for the three forms of the English present tense.

A

simple present, progressive present, emphatic present

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19
Q

In English I praise is the ___ present, I am praising is the ___ present, and I do praise is the ___ present.

A

simple; progressive; emphatic

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20
Q

In Latin grammar, imperfect means ___.

A

not finished

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21
Q

The imperfect tense sign is ___.

A

ba

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22
Q

The imperfect tense is used to describe an ___, ___, ___ or ___ ___action.

A

ongoing, repeated, habitual; interrupted

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23
Q

What English helping verbs translate the imperfect tense?

A

were, was

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24
Q

The two basic parts of a sentence are ___.

A

the subject and the predicate

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25
The subject tells
**who** or **what** the sentence is about
26
The predicate tells \_\_\_
what the subject **is** or **does**
27
What is *Sentence Pattern #1*?
Subject + Verb
28
What English helping verb translates the Latin future tenses?
will
29
The three tenses that make up the present system are \_\_\_.
present, imperfect, future
30
The present system is built on the \_\_\_.
present stem
31
What are principal parts? How many are there?
The forms that provide the stems needed to conjugate a verb in all its tenses. There are usually four principal parts.
32
What is the name of the 2nd principal part?
infinitive
33
The infinitive ending for all 1st conjugation verbs is \_\_\_.
**-are**
34
How do you find the present stem?
Drop **re** from the infinitive
35
The English infinitive is written with the particle ___ before the verb.
to
36
The *to be* verb shows \_\_\_, not \_\_\_.
existence; action
37
Give the English forms of the *to be* verb.
am, is, are, was, were, be, being, been
38
Give the regular endings for the principal parts of 1st conjugation verbs.
**-o -are -avi -atus**
39
What is *Sentence Pattern #2*?
Subject + Verb + Direct Object
40
Something that completes the action of the verb is a \_\_\_.
complement
41
What is the first complement in this text?
the complementary infinitive
42
In Latin grammar, *perfect* means \_\_\_.
finished
43
The perfect tense describes what kind of action?
a one-time action completed in the past
44
The perfect tense is built on the ___ stem.
perfect
45
How do you find the perfect stem?
Drop **-i** from the 3rd principal part.
46
Give three translations for **amavi**.
I loved, I have loved, I did love
47
What English helping verbs translate the Latin perfect tense?
have, has, did
48
The pluperfect tense is built on the ___ stem.
perfect
49
The pluperfect tense describes what kind of action?
a past action completed prior to another past action
50
What English helping verb translates the pluperfect tense?
had
51
The pluperfect tense endings are identical to \_\_\_.
the imperfect tense of **sum**
52
The future perfect tense is built on the ___ stem.
perfect
53
The future perfect tense describes what kind of action?
a future action that will be completed prior to another future action
54
What English helping verbs translate the future perfect tense?
will have
55
The future perfect tense endings are identical to ___ except for the \_\_\_.
the future tense of **sum**; 3rd person plural
56
The tenses that make up the present system are \_\_\_, \_\_\_, ___ and they are built on the \_\_\_.
perfect, pluperfect, future perfect; perfect stem
57
Verb familes are called \_\_\_, and noun families are called \_\_\_.
conjugations; declensions
58
How many declensions are there? Name them.
five; 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th
59
Give the four attributes of nouns.
declension, gender, number, and case
60
The three genders are \_\_\_.
masculine, feminine, neuter
61
Nouns that name male or female persons or animals have ___ gender. Give three English examples.
natural; *sister, brother, father, queen, king, uncle, etc.*
62
Nouns that name non-living things have ___ gender.
grammatical
63
To what does the *case* of a noun refer?
the job (function) of a noun in a sentence
64
Name the cases in order.
nominative, genitive, dative, accusative, ablative
65
What is the *subject* case?
nominative
66
What is the *direct object* case?
accusative
67
What is the *indirect object* case?
dative
68
What is the *possessive* case?
genitive
69
What is the *in/by/with/from* case?
ablative
70
What is the *to/for* case?
dative
71
What is the *of* case?
genitive
72
The genitive singular of a 1st-declension noun always ends in \_\_\_.
-**ae**
73
1st-declension nouns are usually what gender?
feminine
74
Three exceptions to the 1st-declension gender rule are \_\_\_.
**agricola, nauta, poeta**
75
Latin does not have the English articles \_\_\_.
a, an, the
76
Give three translations for the Latin noun **mensa**.
table, a table, the table
77
The genitive singular of a 2nd-declension noun always ends in \_\_\_.
**-i**
78
2nd-declension **-us** nouns are usually ___ in gender.
masculine
79
Name the two subgroups of the 2nd declension, and give their gender.
1. **-us** nouns with masculine gender 2. **-um** nouns with neuter gender
80
Verbs have ___ endings and nouns have ___ endings.
personal, tense; case
81
2nd-declension **-um** nouns are always ___ in gender.
neuter
82
The natural gender rule ___ all other gender rules.
trumps
83
What is the *neuter* rule?
nominative and accusative endings are the same nominative and accusative plural ending is **-a**
84
The declension a noun belongs to is determend by the ___ ending.
genitive singular
85
The subject and verb must agree in \_\_\_.
person and number
86
What does an adjective do?
An adjective modifies or describes a noun or pronoun.
87
In Latin an adjective must agree with its noun in \_\_\_, \_\_\_, and \_\_\_, but not \_\_\_.
gender, number, case; declension
88
Usually an adjective of ___ precedes a noun, and an adjective of ___ follows a noun.
quantity or size; quality
89
Counting numbers are called ___ numbers.
cardinal
90
Numbers which indicate the order of things in a series are called ___ numbers.
ordinal
91
What is *Sentence Pattern #3*?
Subject + Linking verb + Predicate Adjective
92
What is *Sentence Pattern #4*?
Subject + Linking verb + Predicate Nominative
93
Masculine and feminine nouns of the 3rd declension have ___ case endings.
the same
94
The genitive singular of a 3rd-declension noun always ends in \_\_\_.
**-is**
95
How do you find the stem of a Latin noun?
Drop the genitive singular ending.
96
How can you know the gender of a 3rd-declension noun?
You have to memorize it.
97
How many of the seven basic sentence patterns have complements?
six
98
What are the three complements covered in this text?
direct object, predicate adjective, predicate nominative
99
What are the two kinds of direct objects covered in this text?
complementary infinitive, direct object in the accusative case
100
The usual word order for an English sentence is \_\_\_.
subject - verb - direct object
101
The usual word order for a Latin sentence is \_\_\_.
subject - direct object - verb
102
What kind of verb is never followed by a direct object?
the verb **sum**, the *to be* verb
103
The genitive singular of the 4th declension always ends in \_\_\_.
**-ūs**
104
Most 4th-declension nouns are ___ gender, but two common exceptions are \_\_\_.
masculine; **domus** and **manus**
105
The genitive singular of the 5th declension is \_\_\_.
**-ei**
106
Most 5th-declension nouns are ___ gender, but one common exception is \_\_\_.
feminine; **dies**
107
The stem vowel of the 2nd conjugation is \_\_\_.
**ē**
108
The infinitive ending for all 2nd-conjugation verbs is \_\_\_.
**-ēre**
109
Give the regular endings for the principal parts of 2nd-conjugation verbs.
**-eo -ēre -ui -itus**
110
Draw the gender triangle
**Gender Triangle**

Memoria Press Second Form Latin (86 decks)

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