Lesson 23: Grammar Review Flashcards
The infinitive ending for 2nd-conjugation verbs is ___; and for 3rd-conjugation verbs is ___.
-ēre; -ere
The 3rd conjugation does not have a stem with a consistent ___.
stem vowel
In the 3rd conjugation, you must chop to the ___ to find the present stem.
root
How can you remember the variable vowels in the 3rd conjugation present system?
AE in future, IOU in present
Why is the 3rd conjugation an old maid?
It has no bo’s in the future.
The infinitive of the 4th conjugation is
-ire
Give the stem vowels for all four conjugations.
1st - a, 2nd - ē, 3rd - none, 4th - i
The present system of the 4th conjugation is essentially the same as the 3rd conjugation with the addition of ___.
the stem vowel i
3rd io verbs belong to the 3rd conjugation because their infinitive ends in ___.
-ere
The present system of 3rd io verbs looks exactly like ___.
the present system of the 4th conjugation
Define adverb.
An adverb modifies a verb, adjective, or another adverb.
An adverb most commonly modifies a verb by answering the questions ___.
how, when, where, to what extent
Many 1st/2nd-declension adjectives can be changed into adverbs by adding ___ to the adjective stem.
-ē
Many 3rd declension adjectives can be changed into adverbs by adding ___ to the adjective stem.
-iter
Some adjectives use their ___ forms as adverbs. These forms end in either ___ or ___.
Two examples are ___ and ___.
neutuer singular accusative; -um; -e
multum, fácile
The perfect system is ___ regular in all four conjugations.
perfectly
How do you find the perfect stem for all four conjugations?
Drop the i from the 3rd principal part.
Although 3rd-conjugation verbs do not have regular principal parts, they do have ___ that will help you remember them. What is the pattern for verbs like rego?
patterns
-o -ere -xi -ctus
What are the two types of direct questions?
1) questions introduced by question words
2) questions answered with a yes or no
How do you form yes or no questions in English?
by placing the helping verb first
How do you form yes or no questions in Latin?
Add the enclitic -ne to the end of the first word, usually the verb.
Give the six common question words in English.
who, what, when, where, why how
Give the two voices of Latin verbs.
active and passive
In the active voice, the subject ___.
performs the action of the verb
In the passive voice, the subject ___.
receives the action of the verb
To form the passive forms of the present system, substitute ___ personal endings for ___ personal endings.
passive; active
When the action of the passive verb is performed by a LIVING AGENT, the construction is called ___ and requires the preposition ___.
the ablative of agent; a/ab
Give an example of the ablative of agent.
Galli a Caésare superantur. The Gauls are overcome by Caesar.
