lesson 1 Flashcards
The simplest form of sentance in Latin includes…
A subject and a verb.
what system does Latin use pertaining to endings of words? What are these called?
Latin uses a system that adds different endings onto certain words to make their function and meaning clearer.
Declensions.
What is a verb?
A verb is a doing word which, expresses existence, action or occurrence. An example would be (is/hits/teaches)
What is a noun?
A noun is a person, place, thing, idea or quality. An example would be (farmer/house/truth/Frank)
What is an adjective
Modifies the meaning of noun or pronoun to specify quality. An example would be (large/old/true/good)
What is an adverb?
An adverb usually modifies the verb, giving information about time, place, manner or degree. An example would be (today/often/here/well)
What is a preposition?
Connects a noun or pronoun to another word in the sentance and shows the relationship between the two. An example would be (from/into/with/by)
What is a pronoun?
A pronoun replaces a noun , refers to something without naming it. An example would be (he/who/it/this)
What is a conjunction?
Connects words or groups of words. An example would be (and/but/if/when)
What is an interjection?
It is an exclamation. An example would be (Oh! Alas/huh?)
The subject of the sentance is…
the person or thing the sentance is about.
To identify the subject….
…we use the verb of the sentance and ask, “Who/what……..s?”.
The answer will be the subject.
What type of word is the subject of a sentance usually?
It is usually a noun or a pronoun.
What type of word sets the pattern for the sentance?
the verb. This is why we ask the verb of the sentence to discover the subject. The meaning of the verb determines what items (item meaning what?) are necessary to complete the action it expresses. This allows you to know what other core items to expect.
What is an intransitive sentence pattern?
The intransitive sentence pattern requires only a subject and a verb to express a complete thought.
E.e… the farmer works.
Subject = farmer
Verb = works
What is a transitive verb?
Verbs that do not take a direct object are called transitive verbs.
The transitive pattern…
requires a direct object to complete the action of the verb.
E.e…
The woman has a rose.
Subject = Woman
Verb = has
D.O = rose
What are conjugations?
Verbs in latin fall into four regular groups called conjugations.
Each conjugation has a common set of endings, which are added to the stem of the verb
The second meaning of the word conjugation is a group of verbs which all have the same pattern of inflections.
What is the purpose of verb conjugation?
Every verb has its base form, which you can also call its infinitive form. Generally, infinitive form is the to + verb base form. For example, the verb we will use below is the verb to work. Verb Conjugation means to change the verb from its infinitive form so that it matches with the subject in a sentence.
What is meant by the stem of the verb?
Latin verbs have three stems: present stem (infectum), perfect stem (perfectum) and supine stem.
What does the 1st conjugation mean?
The 1st Conjugation includes all verbs which add ā- to the root to form the Present stem, with a few whose root ends in a-. The verb amō love, is conjugated
What is the difference between transitive/intransative sentence patterns?
Transative patterns require a direct object to complete the action of the verb, whereas intransitive patterns require only requires only a subject and a verb.
Verbs in Latin fall into…
…4 different conjugations.
How do conjugations work?
Each conjugation has a common set of endings, which are added to the stem of the verb.
How do we determine conjugation?
You can recognise a verb’s conjugation based on its infinitive form.
What is the verb stem?
The verb stem carries the meaning of the verb and a characteristic vowel.
What is meant by (when talking about conjugation) common sets of endings?
The endings are called personal endings because they carry information about who the subject of the verb is.
These endings are traditionally identified by person (first, second, third) and number (singular, plural)
What to look for when we are looking at conjugations?
Common sets of endings
the stem of the verb
Meaning of the verb
Characteristic vowel
Personal endings
information about who the subject of the verb is
What is finite form?
Verb forms with personal endings are called finite forms, because they are limited by identifying the subject.
What are characteristics that verbs are identified by?
Tense - when an action happens (past/present)
Voice - whether the subject is doing the action (active_ or receiving (passive)
Mood - whether the verb is a simple statement or question (indicative), or a command (imperative)
What is meant by present active indicative?
They are verb forms
What are verb forms?
What is the purpose of conjugating in Latin
the act of joining a personal ending to a verb stem,
What is a personal ending
Latin verb endings denote person (first/second/third) and number (singular/plural).
What is a verb stem
