chapter 4 and 5

Question 1

What are adverbs/what do they do?

Answer 1

Adverbs give information about time, place, manner or degree, and answer questions such as when?, where?, how?, how much?, to what extent?

They usually modify verbs, although they may also modify adjectives, other adverbs, or even a whole sentence:

Question 2

What are prepositions? What do they do?

Answer 2

Prepositional phrases give information about (e.g.) where, with whom, or why the action of the verb occurs.

Latin prepositions are not declined. In Latin as in English, a preposition never appears alone in a sentence. It occurs with a noun (or pronoun) called the object of the preposition, which is either in the accusative or the ablative case.

A preposition usually comes before its object.

Question 3

One important use of the ablative without a preposition is to…

Answer 3

show means (Instrument) — the thing by or with which something is done.
e.g - I see with my eyes. Oculīs video
They fight with weapons. Armīs pugnant.
We show [this] by (means of ) words. Verbīs mōnstrāmus.

Question 4

Latin regularly uses prepositional phrases to indicate…

Answer 4

…where or in what direction an action happens:

Preposition with Accusative:
Place to Which (Motion Towards) - Are you carrying water to the men?

Preposition with ablative

Place where - The farmer works in the field .

Place from which - The girl wanders away from the crowd .

Notice that with either place from which or place to which , you should expect a verb of motion in the sentence .

Question 5

What is adverbial modification?

Answer 5

Adverbial modifiers modify a verb , adverb , or adjective, but not a noun .
The new items you have just learned ( adverbs , prepositional phrases , ablative of means ) and the dative of reference from the last chapter ( §19 ) function as adverbial modifiers . These are examples of adverbial modifiers.

The boy runs quickly .
The boy runs into the house .
The boy runs on his feet .