LEE ET AL

Question 1

What is the aim of Lee ?

Answer 1

Aimed to see if Chinese and Canadian children would rate truth telling & lie telling in different pro social situations

Question 2

What were the participants used in Lees study ?

Answer 2

120 Chinese children
108 Canadian children
Children aged 7,9,11
56 allocated to a social story setting and the others to a physical story

Question 3

What were the conditions in Lees study ?

Answer 3

Ethnicity of child (Chinese or Canadian)
The ages (7,9,11)
Type of story (social or physical)
Pro social or anti social settings

Question 4

What happened in the physical stories in lee ?

Answer 4

Children take pages out of books so no social issue just physical acts.

Question 5

What happened in the social stories in Lee ?

Answer 5

Someone either gets hurt (anti social) or helped (pro social)

Question 6

What was the method used in Lees study ?

Answer 6

Children randomly allocated to social or physical story. Each child listened to all 4 social/physical stories. Good&naughty meanings were altered to reduce order effects and children select whether story is good or naughty.

Question 7

What were they key results from Lees study ?

Answer 7

No significant difference between the order in which stories were given and the gender of the child. For 1st question every good deed had a positive score&every bad had a negative score.

Question 8

What were further key results from Lees study?

Answer 8

As Chinese children got older, they saw lie telling in a positive light & ga e it a higher rating than truth telling in good deed situations. Canadian children showed disapproving of all lie telling however consistently approved truth telling.

Question 9

Findings for pro social / truth telling in lee ?

Answer 9

No significant difference between cultures. However Chinese children rated truth telling less positively as they got older.

Question 10

Findings for pro social lie telling in lee ?

Answer 10

Canadian children rated lie telling negatively , although came less negative as age increased.chinese children changed from rating lie telling negatively at 7 to positively at 11

Question 11

Findings of anti social truth telling in lee ?

Answer 11

No significant difference between cultures. Both rate truth telling positively

Question 12

Findings from anti social lie telling in lee ?

Answer 12

Negative rating increasing with age.

Question 13

What is the conclusion of Lees study ?

Answer 13

Moral development is different in different cultures as a result of socio-cultural norms and practices.

Question 14

What is the experimental design of lee ?

Answer 14

Quasi experiment as ethnicity of children was naturally occurring

Question 15

What is the validity of Lee ?

Answer 15

Standardised procedure with several controls. Use of counterbalancing controlled order effects. Randomly allocated so no bias.

Question 16

What is the reliability of lee ?

Answer 16

Large sample to establish a consistent effect

4 stories read which is more reliable than one story being read.

Question 17

How does Lee link to the reductionist and Holism debate ?

Answer 17

Research suggests that our moral development is not a series predetermined cognitive stages, instead it takes on a holistic approach by acknowledging influence of society on behaviour.

Question 18

How does lee link to the free will/determinism debate ?

Answer 18

What determines our moral thinking is the culture in which we are brought up in.
Challenges Kohlbergs theory that the moral positions we adopt are determined by the stage of moral development we are at,