Lee et al

Question 1

What is the theme of Lee?

Answer 1

Moral development.

Question 2

What is moral judgement of lying ?

Answer 2

Moral decisions about naughty behaviour and if that is different between truth and lie telling.

Question 3

What was the cultural focus in Lee ?

Answer 3

Looked at Canada and China to see if a collectivist culture lies more than an individualistic culture.

Question 4

What are Chinese children taught about morals ?

Answer 4

They are taught honesty and modesty are important and that they have to be truthful and report misdeeds. They are also taught to lie when they do something good.

Question 5

What is the aim of Lee ?

Answer 5

To investigate and cross-culturally test culture on children’s moral evaluations of lying and truth telling by com paring individualistic and collectivist rating.

Question 6

What were the 3 separate aims of Lee?

Answer 6

1) If prosocial situations had cultural differences.
2) Would difference increase with age.
3) Would there be no difference in antisocial situations.

Question 7

Canadian sample in Lee

Answer 7

108 Canadian children, male and female, aged 7, 9 and 11, from a smaller province known for its industry.

Question 8

Chinese sample in Lee

Answer 8

120 Chinese children with an equal gender spilt, aged 7, 9 and 11 from a main cultural and educational city in China.

Question 9

What was the 4 IV’s in Lee ?

Answer 9

-Type of story (physical or social)
-Type of story (prosocial or antisocial)
-Age groups (7, 9, 11)
-Culture (Chinese or Canadian)

Question 10

What was the method of IV of physical or social stories ?

Answer 10

-Lab experiment
-Independent measures design

Question 11

What was the method for IV of pro or antisocial stories ?

Answer 11

-Lab experiment
-Repeated measures design

Question 12

What was the method for IV of age groups ?

Answer 12

-Quasi experiment
-Cross-sectional

Question 13

What was the method for IV of culture ?

Answer 13

-Quasi experiment
-Cross cultural

Question 14

What were the 4 types of stories ?

Answer 14

-Physical = deed involved objects
-Social = deed involved another child.
-Prosocial = Child does good deed.
-Antisocial= Child does bad deed.

Question 15

What 4 stories were each child told ?

Answer 15

1) Prosocial + Lie
2) Prosocial + truth
3) Antisocial + Lie
4) Antisocial + Truth

Question 16

What was the DV in Lee ?

Answer 16

Rating given to story characters deed what what character said using a 7 point rating scale.

Question 17

Procedure of Lee

Answer 17

-Randomly assigned to stories and tested individually and rating scale was explained.
-Each child was read the 4 stories.
-Deed section was read and asked “is the child good or naughty ?”
-Child responded verbally, non-verbally or both.
-Second section was read and asked “ Was how the child responded to the teacher good or bad ?”

Question 18

Were there any differences in gender ?

Answer 18

No significant differences on moral development on gender.

Question 19

Results of Prosocial and truth telling

Answer 19

-No cultural differences.
-Significant interaction with age as Chinese children rating became less positive with age.

Question 20

Results of Prosocial and lying

Answer 20

-Significant interaction with age as Canada rated lying negatively contrasting with China as ratings of lying increased with age.

Question 21

Results of antisocial and truth telling

Answer 21

No difference cross-culturally and all rated stories positively.

Question 22

Results of antisocial and lying

Answer 22

Significant interaction with age as all rated negatively and negative ratings increased with age.
Significant differences between social and physical stories for 7 year old.

Question 23

Cultural differences in Lee

Answer 23

-Chinese children rated truth in prosocial less positively and lying in prosocial more positively.
-Age related changes with Chinese children when ratings went from negative to positive in lying in prosocial.

Question 24

Cultural similarities in Lee

Answer 24

-Both cultures gave negative ratings of lying in antisocial situations.
-Both gave positive ratings to truth in antisocial and negative ratings to lying in antisocial.

Question 25

Qualitative comments in Lee

Answer 25

-Asked why they gave certain ratings.
-Prosocial and truth telling, Chinese children have increased negative ratings stating that the child was begging for teachers praise, which is discouraged in China.

Question 26

Lee collected quan and qual data so is ?

Answer 26

Mixed-method design.

Question 27

Conclusions of Lee

Answer 27

Moral development has cross-cultural variation.
Children develop moral judgement from social norms.
Moral judgement can change with age.