Grant (1998)

Question 1

Background to Grant

Answer 1

Says encoding leads to enhanced recall. Was looking in to environmental context dependency.

Question 2

Aim of Grant

Answer 2

To show that environmental context can have a positive effect on performance in a memory test.

Question 3

Method of Grant

Answer 3

Lab experiment using independent measures design.

Question 4

IV ‘s of Grant

Answer 4

Silent silent
Silent noisy
Noisy silent
Noisy noisy

Question 5

DV of Grant

Answer 5

Performance on short answer recall test and multiple choice recall test.

Question 6

Sample of Grant

Answer 6

39 students aged 17-56 (17f + 23m) years old from America. Snowball sampling. Informed consent prior.

Question 7

Procedure of Grant

Answer 7

8 experimenters chose 5 ppts to take part. Read about article on psychoimmunology. Took part in 16 multiple choice questions testing memory and 10 short answer test that can be answered using one word, which came first. Order followed tested points made in test. All wore headphones and reading times were recorded. 2 min in between to minimise STM recall. Debriefed at end.

Question 8

Findings of Grant

Answer 8

-No overall affect on noise performance.
-Matched condition had better recall/results.
-Ppts in all groups roughly spent equal amount of time studying the material.

Question 9

Conclusions of Grant

Answer 9

-Studying and testing in same environment leads to enhanced performance.
-Performance increased with minimal background, although no affect of noise on performance, better without as it would not be present during actual testing.

Question 10

How does Grant link to the cognitive area ?

Answer 10

Shows how memory can be affected and whether information can be recalled in a similar context to which it was learnt. Explains how memory can be enhanced rather than distorted.