Casey et al (2011) Flashcards
What is delay of gratification ?
Delay of pleasure. Ability to put something off that is fun/pleasurable.
What is cognitive control ?
Suppressing actions.
Original Procedure of Casey
IV = High delayers, low delayers.
DV = ability to resist temptation on Marshmallow test ( eat or not eat).
What are cooling strategies ?
Cooling strategies reduce the appeal of the reward.
Hot cue = desire for something.
Cold cue = non emotional reward.
What did Mischel and Meltcalfe state ?
That there is a cooling system in the pre frontal cortex.
The inferior frontal gyrus is more active in high delayers.
What is more active in low delayers ?
Ventral striatum.
Aim of Experiment 1 Casey
To see if people who were low delayers in marshmallow would have low self control in their 40s.
What type of experiment was Casey 1
Quasi.
Sample of Casey experiment 1
Total = 562
20s = 155
30s =135
40s = 59 (27 low delayers and 32 high delayers).
Procedure of experiment 1 Casey
Self-control measure by go/no-go task.
Required to push button when they saw a certain stimuli.
Go= push button
No-go = don’t push button.
What was the hot cue ?
Happy face.
What was the cold cue ?
Neutral / fearful face.
DV of experiment 1 in Casey
If low delayers made more errors with hot stimuli.
Where did pppts do experiment in experiment 1 casey?
Each of 59 ppts did 4 of these tasks at home on laptop delivered to their home.
Each face appeared for 500 ms with 1sec intervals.
Instructions appeared on screen.
Results of experiment 1 Casey
Ppts able to delay gratification as children showed greater ability to suppress impulse control as an adult.
No significant difference between high and low delayers.
No go trials low delayers made more errors on hot tasks.
Aim of experiment 2 Casey
To investigate what regions of brain predicted self control.
Materials of experiment 2 Casey
FMRI ( physiognomy - brain activity)
27 out of 59 agreed.
1 make was excluded due to poor task performance.
Repeated measure design.
Procedure of experiment 2 Casey
Completed same tasks but in the FMRI.
1 sec delay and 2-14.5 delay between presentation of faces.
Sample of experiment 2 Casey
26 participants ( 15 high delayers and 11 low delayers).
What was the time of delay between shown faces in Casey ?
1 second delay and 2-14.5 second delay between faces.
Results of experiment 2 Casey
-Both groups scored highly on accuracy.
-Low delayers showed more false alarms.
-Low delayers showed reduced activity in right frontal gyrus and high activity in ventral striatum.
Conclusions for Casey
-Resisting temptation is a stable individual characteristic.
-To delay ability is hindered by alluring cues and is not a general problem with cognitive control.
-Empirical evidence for Mischel + Meltcalfes ‘hot and cold’ processing system the brain that affects control.
How does Casey link to Bio area ?
Bio because it involves trying to see whether there is a neural basis to self-regulation. This is done through FMRI scans.
