Lee✅

Question 1

What is the ideology of the People’s Republic in China?

Answer 1

• equality for all
• communist
• things shared on need not want

Question 2

What is the ideology of the Western World?

Answer 2

• putting oneself first
• capitalist
• democracy

Question 3

Aim:

Answer 3

Investigate cross-cultural differences of Chinese and Canadian children and their understanding of lying and truth telling

Question 4

Design:

Answer 4

Cross-sectional design= pps in different conditions were of different ages

Question 5

How many pps?

Answer 5

120 Chinese
108 Canadian
Aged 7,9,11

Question 6

How many pps were 7?

Answer 6

40 Chinese

36 Canadians

Question 7

How many children were 9?

Answer 7

40 Chinese

40 Canadian

Question 8

How many pps were 11?

Answer 8

40 Chinese

32 Canadian

Question 9

Where were pps recruited from?

Answer 9

Canadian- elementary schools in small city called Fredericton
Chinese- elementary schools in a medium sized city called Zejiang

Question 10

What is a physical story?

Answer 10

Only involving objects

Question 11

What is a social story?

Answer 11

Affecting others

Question 12

What was used to standardise the procedure?

Answer 12

A 7 point rating scale from very very naughty to very very good (also has symbols, X for bad, XX for very bad, O for neutral, star for good, star star for very good

Question 13

How many stories did the child read?

Answer 13

Either 4 social or 4 physical

Question 14

What were the children asked after reading?

Answer 14

“Is what the child did good or naughty?” Then they had to rate the children

Question 15

What was one control?

Answer 15

The symbols were repeated every time the question was asked (naughty or good)

Question 16

What was done to control order effect?

Answer 16

The stories were presented in a random order for each pps

Question 17

How were the results converted into numbers?

Answer 17

3- very very good
0-neutral
-3- very very naughty

Question 18

Results:

Answer 18

Chinese tend to rate truth telling as less positive

Chinese rates lying in prosocial situations as more positive (especially 11 years old)

Question 19

Conclusions:

Answer 19

• Chinese- live in communist country, everyone is equal. Looking for praise is highly discouraged- explains why lying was rated higher
• moral reasoning affected by culture
• antisocial lying is universally deemed as bad
• culture influences get greater as we age

Question 20

Positives:

Answer 20

• quantitative data (easy to compare)
• stories were well designed for children- familiar with scenarios so more valid results
• all materials same for all pps- good reliability 
• large sample
• shows that development doesn’t only come down to age - also culture

Question 21

Negatives:

Answer 21

• little info on background of Chinese children
• low ecological validity? Rating scenarios isn’t realistic
• only two cultures? Ethnocentric?