Lectures (Conformity/Personality/Stress) Flashcards
Define conformity
When we change our perceptions/behaviours in ways that are consistent with group norms
What is informational social influence?
Belief that others know better so we conform
What are two types of informational social influence?
1) Public compliance: tendency to conform when we are around other people
2) Private acceptance: true change of our beliefs
What are four moderators of informational influence?
1) Ambiguity of decision (when we are uncertain of the right choice)
2) Importance of decision (if you reward people for decision, conformity happens faster)
3) Crisis (emotional rapidly unfolding events)
4) Expertise of others (perceive others to know more)
What is normative social influence?
We conform to get along with others/not stand out.
What is social impact theory?
You should expect to see normative social influence based on strength of membership in group, immediacy (how close one is to group members), numbers (how many are in the group)
A) What is compliance?
B) What are 3 mechanisms for compliance?
A) Behaviour change elicited by direct request
B) Narrative, reciprocity, consistency
What is reciprocation ideology?
A trait where in some are more wary of feeling indebted to others
A) RECIPROCITY: What is door-in-the-face?
B) What are two reasons why it is effective?
A) Outrageous request first, then moderate one
B) Perpetual contrast (2nd one feels smaller)
Reciprocal concessions (Am I selfish)
A) CONSISTENCY: what is foot-in-the-door?
B) Why is it effective
A) Small request followed by larger one
B) Consistency: person sees themselves as a ‘helper’
A) COMPLIANCE: what is low-balling?
B) What are two reasons why it is effective
A) Secure agreement, then reveal hidden costs
B) Consistency, commitment
What are 4 moderators of obedience?
Psychological distance, or immediacy, of victim
Psychological distance, or immediacy, of authority
Legitimacy of authority
Unanimity of group decision
4 approaches to personality
Psychodynamic approach (intrapsychic conflict)
Humanistic-existential approach (self-actualization)
Social-cognitive approach (behaviours in situation)
Trait approach (measuring everything)
What are the three forces of Freud’s psychodynamic approach?
ID: consists of our innate biological drives
Superego: contains learned rules and idealized self; also, can think of it as your conscious or idealized self
Ego: mediates between fulfillment of drives and idealized self
What are the 7 defence mechanisms to reduce anxiety from intrapsychic conflict?
Rationalization (justification of less-than-ideal behaviours)
Repression (squash down any thoughts that remind us of conflict)
Regression (remember time before this conflict)
Projections (I’m not anxious, you’re anxious)
Displacement (turning Id’s urges into unproductive activity)
Identification (pretend to be someone who doesn’t show anxiety)
Reaction formation (turning Id’s urges into their opposite)
