Chap 12 Flashcards
Define these three components of personality in Freud’s psychoanalytic theory:
A) Id
B) Ego
C) Superego
A) The manifestation of unconscious and instinctual drives and needs
B) The largely conscious awareness of reality and the ability to mediate the needs of the id within the constraints of reality
C) The internalized cultural rules and ideals to guide our moral conscience
What are defense mechanisms?
Ways in which the ego copes with conflict between the unconscious desires of the id and the moral constraints of society
Define:
A) Displacement
B) Projection
C) Repression
D) Denial
A) a defense mechanism in which the ego redirects to aggressive impulses of the id from their intended targets to more defenseless targets
B) a defense mechanism in which people, instead of acknowledging it in themselves, see others as possessing a disliked trait or feeling
C) ego’s efforts at keeping unwanted feelings, thoughts, and memories from conscious awareness
D) ego’s refusal to perceive a painful or threatening reality as it is occurring
Define:
A) Lexical hypothesis
B) Factor analysis
A) the hypothesis that the traits that provide useful ways to differentiate among people’s personality characteristics are necessarily encoded in language
B) a statistical technique that groups a large set of variables into a smaller set of constructs based on how they correlate with one another
What is the Five-factor model (or The Big Five)- think OCEAN
Five key dimensions of personality: open-mindedness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism
Define:
A) Behavioural activation system (BAS)
B) Behaviour inhibition system (BIS)
A) biological system that governs people’s tendency to approach things that are rewarding
B) biological system that governs people’s tendency to avoid things that are threatening
Define:
A) Social learning theory
B) Reciprocal determinism
A) Albert Bandura: a theory of how people’s cognitions, behaviours, and dispositions are shaped by observing and imitating the actions of others
B) the idea that personality provides cognitions about the world that shapes the environments we choose and their impacts on us
Define
A) Locus of control
B) Outcome efficacy
C) Self-efficacy
A) a person’s perception of what determines his or her outcomes: either intrinsic (internal) characteristics or random, external forces
B) the belief that if a person can perform a behaviour, a desired outcome will result
C) the belief that one can successfully execute a behaviour linked to a desired outcome
Define:
A) Learned helplessness
B) Depressive realism
A) a passive resignation to our situation because we have had past experience of being unable to control it
B) the painful awareness of personal limitations that render outcomes uncontrollable, in contrast to a more commonly held illusion of control for those who are not depressed
Define
A) Sexual selection
B) Social role theory
A) a passive resignation to our situation because we have had past experience of being unable to control it
B) the painful awareness of personal limitations that render outcomes uncontrollable, in contrast to a more commonly held illusion of control for those who are not depressed
Define
A) Sexual selection
B) Social role theory
A) an evolutionary perspective positing that men and women develop distinct profiles of personality traits because of the different reproductive challenges they face
B) A theory positing the roles that we find ourselves in can shape our personality
Define:
A) Self-actualization
B) Self-determination theory
C) Self-concept
A) The process of fulfilling our true potential by gaining a sense of personal autonomy, accepting oneself and accepting other people
B) A theory positing that well-being and success are most likely achieved when a person’s environments support autonomy, competence, and relatedness
C) The broad network of mental representation that a person has of themself
Define:
A) Sociometer theory
B) Terror management theory
C) Narcissism
A) a theory positing that people use self-esteem, a judgement of self-worth, to assess the degree to which they are accepted by others
B) a theory positing that self-esteem allows people to cope with existential terror stemming from their awareness of their own mortality
C) the tendency to have unrealistic and self-aggrandizing views of oneself
