Chap 15 Flashcards
Define social psychology
Studies how social context and broader environments influence people’s thoughts, feelings, and actions
Define:
A) Transference
B) False consensus
C) Impression management
A) Tendency to assume that a new person we meet has the same traits as someone we know because they resemble that person
B) Tendency to overestimate the extent to which other people’s beliefs and attitudes are similar to our own
C) A series of strategies that people use to influence the impressions other people form of them
Define:
A) Attribution
B) Fundamental attribution error
C) Self-serving attributions
A) Assignment of a causal explanation for an event, action, or outcome
B) Tendency to assume that people’s actions are more the result of their internal dispositions than of situational context
C) Attributions we make to perceive our outcomes and actions in ways the benefit ourselves
Define Affective forecasting errors
People’s inability to accurately predict the emotional reactions they will have to events
Define attitude and the three things it is composed of.
An orientation towards a stimulus. Composed of:
- Affective feeling: ranging from positive to negative
- Cognitive belief: about the characteristics of that stimulus
-Behavioural motivation: such as a tendency to approach or avoid that target
Define:
A) Implicit attitudes
B) Explicit attitudes
A) an automatically activated evaluation of a stimulus ranging from positive to negative
B) the consciously reported evaluation a person has in response to a stimulus
Define elaboration likelihood model
a theory of persuasion contending that attitudes can change by two different routes: a central route that focuses on strength of the argument and a peripheral route that is sensitive to more superficial cues
Define
A) Cognitive dissonance
B) Conformity
A) A sense of conflict between people’s actions and attitudes that motivates efforts to restore cognitive consistency
B) process where people implicitly mimic, adopt, or internalize the behaviours/preferences of those around them
Define:
A) Informational social influence
B) Normative social influence
A) Pressure to conform to others’ actions or beliefs based on a desire to behave correctly or gain an accurate understanding of the world
B) Pressure to conform to others’ actions or beliefs in order to gain approval from others or avoid social sanctions
Define:
A) Social facilitation
B) Social loafing
A) Presence of others boosts the dominant response, easy tasks are performed better but difficult tasks are performed words
B) Tendency for individuals to expend less effort on a task when they are doing it with others rather than alone
Define:
A) Group polarization
B) Groupthink
A) Tendency for people’s attitudes on an issue to become more extreme after discussing it with like-minded others
B) A form of biased group decision making where people feel pressure to maintain allegiance to a group leader
Define:
A) General aggression model
B) Weapons effect
A) An integrative framework of the various factors and psychological processes that contribute to an act of aggression
B) A phenomenon that simple exposure to a gun or weapon can increase aggressive responses by bringing violent thoughts to mind
Define:
A) Prosocial behaviour
B) Kin selection
C) Norm of reciprocity
A) actions aimed at assisting others toward their goals
B) an evolved or adaptive strategy of assisting those who share one’s genes, even at a personal cost, as a means of increasing the odds of genetic survival
C) people agree to help others who have helped them in the past or might help them in the future
Define:
A) Bystander effect
B) Pluralistic ignorance
C) Diffusion of responsibility
A) lower likelihood that people will come to the aid of a victim in the presence of others compared to when alone
B) where people are collectively unaware of each other’s true attitudes or beliefs
C) people assume that someone either has already gone for help or would be more skilled at knowing what to do
Define:
A) Realistic group conflict theory
B) Social identity theory
A) negative intergroup attitudes can develop whenever groups compete against one another for access to the same scarce resources
B) people maintain this positive attitude for their ingroup in part by seeing other groups (outgroups) in a more negative light
