Chap 14 (Therapies) Flashcards
Define
A) Trephination
B) Subsyndromal disorders
C) Rapport
D) Cultural competence
A) an early therapy for mental disorders that involved cutting a hole in the skull
B) versions of psychological disorders that don’t meet the DSM-5 criteria for diagnosis but that my nonetheless cause significant problems
C) a patient’s sense of trust in, respect for, and comfort with the treatment provider
D) an understanding of how patients’ cultural backgrounds shape their beliefs, values, and expectations for therapy
Define
A) Culturally appropriate therapy
B) Hysteria
C) Psychogenic
A) therapy that is conducted in a manner that is sensitive to the patient’s cultural background and expectations
B) an older term for a group of presumably psychogenic disorders that included a wide variety of physical and psychological symptoms; the term used today is conversion disorder
C) resulting from a psychological cause rather than from organic damage to the nervous system
Define
A) Psychoanalysis
B) Free association
C) Resistance
D) Interpretation
A) a method of therapy, developed by Sigmund Freud, asserting that clinical symptoms arise from unconscious conflicts rooted in childhood
B) a method used in psychoanalytic therapy in which the patient says anything that comes to mind, no matter how apparently trivial, embarrassing, or disagreeable
C) in psychoanalysis, a patient’s self-censorship or avoidance of certain topics
D) in psychoanalysis, explanations of how various thoughts, feelings, and behaviours are linked to prior experiences
Define
A) Transference
B) Psychodynamic approaches
C) Ego psychology
A) the tendency of patients to respond to an analyst or therapist in ways that recreate patients’ responses to major figures in their own lives
B) therapeutic approaches that derive from psychoanalytic theory, which asserts that clinical symptoms arise from unconscious conflicts rooted in childhood
C) a school of psychodynamic thought that emphasizes the skills and adaptive capacities of the ego
Define
A) Object relations
B) Interpersonal therapy (IPT)
A) a school of psychodynamic thought that emphasizes the real (as opposed to fantasized) relationships an individual has with important others
B) a form of therapy focused on helping patients understand how they interact with others and then learn better ways of interacting and communicating
Define
A) Humanistic approaches
B) Client-centered therapy
A) an approach to therapy centered around the idea that people must take responsibility for their lives and actions
B) a form of humanistic therapy, pioneered by Carl Rogers, in which the therapist’s genuineness, unconditional positive regard, and empathic understanding are crucial to therapeutic success; also known as person-centered therapy, client-centered therapy seeks to help clients accept themselves as they are without pretense or self-imposed limits
Define
A) Motivational interviewing
B) Gestalt therapy
C) Experiential therapy
A) a brief, nonconfrontational, client-centered therapy designed to change specific problematic behaviours such as alcohol or drug use
B) a form of humanistic therapy, pioneered by Fritz Perls, that aims to help patients integrate inconsistent aspects of themselves into a coherent whole by increasing self-awareness and self-acceptance
C) the collective term for modern humanistic therapies
Define
A) Behavioural approaches
B) Exposure techniques
C) In vivo exposure
A) a family of therapeutic approaches based on the idea that problematic behaviours are the result of learning
B) behavioural techniques designed to remove the anxiety connected to a feared stimulus through repeated approach toward the feared stimulus
C) a key step in the behavioural treatment of a phobia in which the patient is exposed to the phobic stimulus in the real world or through interactive computer programs
Define
A) Token economy
B) Contingency management
C) Modeling
C) Vicarious reinforcement
A) a behavioural therapy technique based on operant conditioning in which patients’ positive behaviours are reinforced with tokens that they can exchange for desirable items
B) a behavioural therapy in which certain behaviours are reliably followed by well-defined consequences
C) a behavioural therapy technique based on observational learning in which patients learn new skills or change their behaviour by watching and imitating another person
D) a form of modelling in which the learner acquires a conditioned response merely by observing another participant being conditioned
Define
A) Cognitive approaches
B) Rational emotive behavioural therapy
C) Cognitive therapy
A) a family of therapeutic approaches based on the idea that maladaptive behaviours arise due to errors in thinking
B) a form of cognitive therapy, pioneered by Albert Ellis, in which the therapist actively challenges the patient’s irrational beliefs
C) an approach to therapy that tries to change patients’ habitual modes of thinking about themselves, their situation, and their future
Define
A) Negative cognitive triad
B) Cognitive restructuring
C) Cognitive-behavioural therapy
A) three types of dysfunctional beliefs related to oneself (“I am unlovable”), the world (“it’s a cruel world”), and the future (“things will only get worse”)
B) a set of cognitive therapy techniques for changing a person’s maladaptive beliefs or interpretations through persuasion and confrontation
C) a hybrid form of psychotherapy focused on changing the patient’s habitual interpretations of the world and ways of behaving; it combines cognitive and behavioural approaches to therapy
Define
A) Third-wave therapies
B) Group therapy
C) Telehealth
D) Cybertherapy or web-based therapy
A) the latest generation of cognitive-behavioural therapies, including acceptance and commitment therapy as well as mindfulness-based stress reduction
B) a form of therapy in which two or more patients meet with one or more therapists at a time
C) the use of telephone, videoconferencing, internet, and streaming media technologies to support healthcare at a distance
D) a non-traditional form of therapy in which the therapy is conducted over the internet
Define
A) Psychotropic medications
B) Typical antipsychotics
C) Flat affect
A) Medications that control, or at least moderate, the symptoms of some psychological disorders
B) First-generation antipsychotic medications that block the neurotransmission of dopamine
C) Diminished or absent facial expressions of emotion
Define
A) Atypical antipsychotics
B) Deinstitutionalization
A) Newer antipsychotic medications that block the neurotransmission of dopamine but have enhanced benefits in terms of limiting or eliminating negative symptoms
B) A movement that began in the 1950s that aimed to provide better, less expensive care for chronically mentally ill individuals in their own communities rather than at large, centralized hospitals
Define
A) Antidepressant
B) Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI)
C) Atypical antidepressant
A) a medication intended to treat the symptoms of depression
B) a medication (e.g. Prozac, Zoloft, Paxil) that increases serotonin turnover in the brain and is widely used to treat depression, eating disorders, anxiety disorders, and many other disorders
C) a medication that works in various ways on serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine systems to combat the symptoms of depression
