Chap 13 (Psychological Disorders) Flashcards
Define
A) Psychological disorder
B) Syndrome
C) Symptom
A) a clinically significant disturbance in an individual’s cognition, emotional regulation, or behaviour that is usually associated with significant distress or disability in social, occupational, and other important activities
B) a cluster of physical or mental symptoms that are typical of a particular condition or psychological disorder and that tend to occur simultaneously
C) a physical or mental feature that may be regarded as an indication of a particular condition or psychological disorder
Define
A) Psychopathology
B) Point prevalence
C) Lifetime prevalence
A) the scientific study of psychological disorders, or the disorders themselves
B) the percentage of people in a given population who have a given psychological disorder at any particular point in time
C) the percentage of people in a certain population who will have a given psychological disorder at any point in their lives
Define
A) Clinical assessment
B) Clinical interview
C) Self-report measure
D) Projective test
A) a procedure for gathering the information that is needed to evaluate an individual’s psychological functioning and to determine whether a clinical diagnosis is warranted
B) an interview in which a clinician asks the patient to describe his or her problems and concerns
C) a standardized clinical assessment tool that consists of a fixed set of questions that a patient answers
D) a form of clinical assessment in which a person responds to unstructured or ambiguous stimuli; it is thought that responses reveal unconscious wishes and conflicts
Define:
A) Diathesis-stress model
B) Learned helplessness
C) Neuroticism
D) Biopsychosocial model
A) a conception of psychopathology that distinguishes the factors that create a risk of illness (the diathesis) from the factors that turn the risk into the problem (the stress)
B) a hopeless and passive acceptance of events as beyond one’s control
C) a personality dimension associated with heightened levels of negative affect
D) a way of understanding what makes people healthy by recognizing that biology, psychology, and social context all combine to shape health outcomes
Define:
A) Anxiety
B) Specific phobia
C) Social anxiety disorder
A) a feeling of intense worry, nervousness, or unease
B) a marked fear of or anxiety about a particular object or situation
C) an anxiety disorder characterized by extreme fear of being watched, judged, or evaluated
Define:
A) Panic disorder
B) Agoraphobia
C) Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)
D) Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)
A) an anxiety disorder characterized by the occurrence of unexpected panic attacks
B) A fear of being in situations in which help might not be available or escape might be difficult or embarrassing
C) An anxiety disorder characterized by continuous, pervasive, and difficult to control anxiety
D) an anxiety disorder that manifests itself through obsessions (unwanted and disturbing thoughts) and compulsions (ritualistic actions performed to control the obsessions)
Define
A) Trauma- and stressor-related disorders
B) Acute stress disorder
C) Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
A) psychological disorders that are triggered by an event that involves actual or threatened death, serious injury, or sexual violation
B) a trauma- or stressor-related disorder that lasts less than one month
C) a trauma- or stressor-related disorder that lasts one month or longer
Define
A) Comorbidity
B) Concordance rate
A) the occurrence of two or more disorders in a single individual at a given point in time
B) the probability that a person with a particular familial relationship to a patient (for example, an identical twin) has the same disorder as the patient
Define
A) Mood-related disorders (AKA affective disorders)
B) Major depressive disorder (depression)
C) Rumination
A) disorders that involve prominent disturbances in a person’s positive and negative feeling states
B) a mood disorder characterized by feelings of sadness, emptiness, and anhedonia (diminished interest or pleasure in activities that usually provide pleasure, such as eating or exercise)
C) the process of repetitively turning emotional difficulties over and over in the mind
Define
A) Bipolar disorder
B) Hypomania
C) Mania
A) A mood-related disorder characterized by both mania (excited and energetic) episodes and depressive episodes, with normal periods interspersed; formally called manic-depressive illness
B) a mild form of mania marked by high spirits, happiness, self-confidence, and a high level of nervous energy
C) a state of high excitement and energy often characterized by racing thoughts, a feeling of invincibility or omnipotence, and a lack of boundaries or inhibitions
Define
A) Negative cognitive schema
B) Explanatory style
A) A mental framework in which a person consistently interprets events negatively
B) how a person explains why bad things happen to him or her
Define:
A) Schizophrenia
B) Positive symptoms
B1) Delusions
B2) Hallucinations
C) Negative symptoms
A) a psychological disorder characterized by a loss of contact with reality and a breakdown of the normal functions of the mind, leading to bizarre perceptions
B) in psychopathology, behaviours that are not present in healthy people
B1) false beliefs that are rigidly maintained despite overwhelming contradictory evidence
B2) sensory experiences that occur in the absence of any sensory input or stimulation
C) in psychopathology, an absence of behaviours usually seen in healthy people
Define
A) Dopamine hypothesis
B) Neurodevelopmental disorder
A) The hypothesis that schizophrenia arises from an abnormally high level of activity in brain circuits that are sensitive to the neurotransmitter dopamine
B) A disorder that stems from early brain abnormalities
Define
A) Civil commitment laws
B) Not guilty by reason of insanity
C) Criminal commitment
A) laws that specify when people can be hospitalized (“committed”) against their will for mental treatment
B) a modern legal concept that holds that people are not responsible for criminal behaviour if at the time of that behaviour they had a mental disorder that left them substantially unable either to understand that what they were doing was wrong or to behave as they knew they should
C) enforced hospitalization (“commitment”) for criminals who plead not guilty by reason of insanity
Define:
A) Autism spectrum disorder
B) Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
A) a disorder usually diagnosed in young children, and characterized by a wide range of developmental problems, including persistent deficits in social communication/interaction and restricted or repetitive patterns of interest or behaviour
B) a disorder usually diagnosed in young children that involves a wide range of symptoms, including blurting out answers in class, fidgeting, and difficulty in shifting attentional focus
