Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

IAM > Lectures 6-7 > Flashcards

Lectures 6-7 Flashcards

1
Q

What are two types of sheep housing which provide good ventilation?

A

Yorkshire boarding

plastic mesh

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the two ideal conditions of good sheep housing?

A

low humidity

good ventilation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What two features must polytunnels have to have adequate ventilation?

A

open ends

plastic meshing at the edges

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

As opposed to indoor housing, where can sheep be kept during the winter?

A

open straw yards

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How long should ewes and lambs be left in the mothering up pens?

A

24hrs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Why should sheep follow on pens contain lambs of similar ages?

A

because older lambs can transmit disease (particularly coccidiosis) to younger lambs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How much trough space do large ewes require in late pregnancy?

A

50cm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How much trough space to small ewes require in late pregnancy?

A

45cm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What should ewes in late pregnancy be fed if they are being fed ad lib?

A

total mixed ration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

If sheep are on rationed mixed twice a day, how many sheep need to be able to feed at once?

A

All the sheep

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How much water can a ewe at peak lactation drink if being fed on a hay based diet?

A

9l/day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How many sheep does a sheep have to see at any one time to be happy?

A

2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What two physiological changes occur if a sheep gets stressed e.g. through isolation?

A

increased cortisol

increased PCV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is a sheep gestation period?

A

146-147 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Why should new rams be introduced before tupping season starts?

A

to reduce fighting and stress and hence increase spermatogenesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is a useful indicator of pain in a sheep?

A

facial expression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Where do you look on a sheeps face to assess pain?

A 
orbital area
cheek area
ears
lips
nostrils
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

During what season are rams introduced to ewes for tupping?

A

autumn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How many body condition scores do rams lose per week during tupping?

A

0.5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What BCS should rams be before tupping starts?

A

3.5-4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Under what BCS should ewes NOT be served?

A

2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the term for increasing the ewes plane of nutrition 3-4 weeks before tupping?

A

Flushing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

For what sheep is flushing normally not carried out for?

A

highland sheep

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

How long does it take a sheep to gain 1 BCS

A

6 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What should be the ratio of ewes to mature rams?

A

80:1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What should be the ratio of ewes to rams lambs?

A

40:1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What percentage of ewes should conceive within the first 2 oestrus cycles if rams are fertile and ewes cycling?

A

98%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

After how many cycles should a ram be removed?

A

2 cycles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What could castration and tail docking lambs before 24hrs of age cause?

A

reduced colostrum intake and failure of passive transfer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Administration of what drugs for castration and tail docking has been shown to increase growth rates in lambs?

A

NSAIDs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

After an lamb is how old must anaesthetic be used to castrate and tail dock with a rubber ring?

A

7 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What act requires a vet to castrate a lambs after 3 months of age?

A

veterinary surgeons act

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

How old are lambs when they are weaned?

A

3 months old

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Why is it important that weaning is abrupt for the ewes?

A

to reduce the risk of mastitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What husbandry measures can be take to minimise the risk of mastitis in ewes after weaning?

A

put the ewes on bare pasture to promote drying off

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What are the best tags to use in sheep to reduce injury?

A

two piece polyurethane tag

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What percentage of UK sheep are upland and lowland?

A

50% upland, 50% lowland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Feed costs of lowland sheep account for what percentage of the variable cost?

A

75%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Concentrates account for what percentage of sheep feed costs?

A

60%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

What are the three production phases of lambs?

A

pre-weaning
growing
finishing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

What are the 5 production phases of ewes?

A 
maintenance
breeding season
early gestation 
late gestation 
lactation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

What are the 3 macrominerals required by sheep?

A

calcium
magnesium
phosphorous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

What are the 3 microminerals requried by sheep?

A

selenium
iodine
copper

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

For highland sheep, for which sheep is improved pasture reserved for?

A

lactating sheep

45
Q

What does ‘improving pasture’ involve?

A

removing heather

reseeding

46
Q

When are highland sheep sometimes fed concentrate?

A

late pregnancy

47
Q

Where should feed blocks be put for highland sheep?

A

at the boundaries between different ‘family groups’

48
Q

What are the 3 ways worming preparations can be delivered to a sheep?

A

drenching
injection
slow release bolus

49
Q

What should the dry matter content of silage be?

A

35%

50
Q

What percentage digestibility (D value) should silage be?

A

65-70%

51
Q

What decreases in silage made from increasingly mature grass?

A

digestibility
crude protein
energy

52
Q

What is the energy content of good silage?

A

11.5 J/Kg DM

53
Q

If silage becomes contaminated with a fungus, what disease are sheep at risk of?

A

listeriosis

54
Q

What is the dry matter content of good hay?

A

85%

55
Q

What is the digestibility of good hay?

A

60%

56
Q

What is the crude protein level of good silage?

A

8-20%

57
Q

What is the crude protein level of hay?

A

8-14%

58
Q

What is the energy content of good hay?

A

10 J/Kg DM

59
Q

By what percentage should concentrates be increased if straw is being fed as a roughage?

A

30%

60
Q

What 3 types of straw can be fed to ewes?

A

barley
wheat
oat

61
Q

What mineral must be increased if sheep are fed on a straw based diet?

A

phosphorous

62
Q

Why should cattle feed not be used for sheep?

A

Because the levels of copper are too high in cattle food

63
Q

Why should cereals not be ground up in home-made sheep feeds?

A

because this could increase the risk of acidosis

64
Q

What is the BCS system numbering system used for sheep?

A

1-5

65
Q

What BCS should ewes be before mating?

A

3-3.5

66
Q

After how long does implantation of a sheep embryo occur?

A

3-4 weeks

67
Q

When does placental growth in a sheep start?

A

30 days

68
Q

Why would it be desirable for a ewe to lose 0.5-1 BCS during the second and third months of pregnancy?

A

to allow for proper placenta formation

69
Q

Why should kale and rape be avoided in the first 3 months of ewe pregnancy?

A

because they do not have enough nutrition for placental development

70
Q

What percentage of lamb growth takes place in the last third of pregnancy?

A

90%

71
Q

What percentage of lamb growth takes place in the last month of pregnancy?

A

60%

72
Q

What is the DM intake of ewes reduced from and to in the last third of pregnancy because of the reduced abdominal space?

A

from 3% to 2%

73
Q

In late pregnancy, what condition is caused if fat reserves are used?

A

pregnancy toxaemia

74
Q

What percentage of the diet should crude protein be in the last ewe trimester?

A

16%

75
Q

What percentage of the percentage of protein should be DUP in the last ewe trimester?

A

30%

76
Q

What is the energy requirements for ewes at lambing?

A

twice maintenance

77
Q

When does sheep mammary tissue develop during pregnancy?

A

in the last 30 days

78
Q

What can be assessed in the blood to ensure ewes have enough food?

A

beta-hydroxybutyrate

79
Q

During peak ewe lactation, what is the energy demand?

A

three times maintenance

80
Q

What is the crude protein requirement in ewes with triplets during peak lactation?

A

18%

81
Q

When does peak lactation occur in ewes?

A

3-5 weeks post-lambing

82
Q

What should be supplemented in ewes during the first 6 weeks of lactation and what does this prevent?

A

magnesium, hypomagnesaemia

83
Q

By what age are lambs herbivores?

A

8 weeks

84
Q

What weight should a ewe lamb reach before breeding?

A

60% of adult weight

85
Q

For how many years does a ewes weight increase after birth?

A

3 years

86
Q

How much colostrum does a lamb need in 24 hours?

A

200ml/kg

87
Q

When should lamb pellets be introduced?

A

day 7

88
Q

Why do lambs need to be finished off early?

A

so that worm burden has not become critical

89
Q

If lambs have not reached finishing weight by August, what should they be fed on?

A

root crops

90
Q

What do kale and rape contain which means their intake should be reduced in store lambs?

A

goitrogens

91
Q

What can brassicas induce in store lambs?

A

haemolytic anaemia

92
Q

What can rape produce in store lambs?

A

photosensitisation

93
Q

How long does it take for indoor cereal finishing lambs to reach 40kg?

A

90 days

94
Q

What 4 conditions can occur in indoor cereal finishing lambs?

A

coccidiosis
urothlithiasis
ruminal acidosis
vitamin E deficiency

95
Q

What can be used to reduce the risk of urothlithiasis in finishing lambs?

A

ensure constant access to water

96
Q

When does hypocalcaemia occur most often in ewes?

A

last few weeks of pregnancy

97
Q

Does increasing calcium content in the diet help to prevent hypocalcaemia in sheep?

A

No

98
Q

What is usually the first indication of hypomagnesaemia in sheep?

A

dead sheep

99
Q

What should be done to reduce the risk of hypomagnesaemia in sheep?

A

provide feed blocks

100
Q

What do lambs with inadequate cobalt intake show?

A

poor growth

poor body condition

101
Q

What is the most long lasting measure to ensure cobalt deficiency does not occur in lambs?

A

boluses containing cobalt, copper and selenium

102
Q

What does copper deficiency or toxicity cause in sheep?

A

neurological problems
poor wool growth
‘swayback’

103
Q

What blocks copper uptake?

A

molybdenum

104
Q

Which breeds are better at absorbing copper: continental or British breeds?

A

continental breeds

105
Q

When should copper be supplemented to sheep?

A

ONLY after confirmation of deficiency

106
Q

What does selenium/vitamin E deficiency cause?

A

‘stiff lamb disease’

107
Q

Which areas of the UK are deficient in iodine?

A

Derbyshire

108
Q

What do lambs show at post mortem if they are iodine deficient?

A

enlarged thyroid glands

IAM (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions