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IAM > Lectures 1-5 > Flashcards

Lectures 1-5 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three components of emotion?

A

subjective component, behavioural component, neurophysiological component

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2
Q

What is the term to describe the needs of an animal and how they vary between individuals of different species or within the same species but of different age?

A

telos

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3
Q

What are the four needs of an animal?

A

nutritional, environmental, health and behavioural needs

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4
Q

What model is used to link the needs of an animal with mental state e.g. positive and negative emotions?

A

Mellor’s Five Domain Model

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5
Q

What are the four tests which can be used to test an animals needs?

A

preference test, strength of preference test, aversion test, deprivation test

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6
Q

What 6 types of sampling can be used to create an ethogram to assess an animals needs?

A

behavioural, point, period, focal, scan, ad lib sampling

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7
Q

What test requires an animal to make a sacrifice to gain access to something when assessing an animals needs?

A

preference testing

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8
Q

What is the test which tests consumer demand when assessing an animals needs?

A

operant testing

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9
Q

What is inelastic demand and what is an example?

A

a demand which is needed at any price e.g. oxygen

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10
Q

What is the test in which the strength of motivation to avoid an aversive situation is measured when assessing an animals needs??

A

aversive testing

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11
Q

What is the test in which an animal is deprived of a supposed need and the effect of the deprivation on any pathological changes to its physiology or behaviour are noted when assessing an animals needs?

A

deprivation test

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12
Q

What state is entered when an animal is not able to meet its needs?

A

stress

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13
Q

What is the definition of ‘coping’?

A

having control of bodily and mental stability

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14
Q

What is the definition of welfare?

A

the state of an animal with regard to its ability to cope with its envrionment

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15
Q

What is the term used to describe the process that keeps the organism alive and function ie maintaining homeostasis or maintaining stability through change and promoting adaptation and coping?

A

allostasis

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16
Q

What are 5 causal factors which affect motivation of an animal?

A

hormone, oscillators e.g. circadian rhythms, internal factors, external factors, memories

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17
Q

What is a telo-receptor?

A

receptor which measures at a distance

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18
Q

What is an exterior-ceptor?

A

receptor associated with skin contact

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19
Q

What is an interio-ceptor

A

internal receptor

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20
Q

What is a stressor?

A

a stimulus that exceeds its normal limits in terms of intensity or duration

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21
Q

What does stress stimulate the hypothalamus to produce and which is this effect?

A

produces CTRF which stimulates the pituitary gland to produce ACTH

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22
Q

What does ACTH do?

A

Stimulates the adrenal cortex to produce cortisol

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23
Q

What is the term describing the high level stress response which has high biological cost, is damaging to the animal and probably sensed by the animal as unpleasant?

A

distress

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24
Q

What is caused when an aim generated by causal events cannot be achieved?

A

frustration

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25
Q

In general terms what is measured when assessing welfare?

A

whether the physiological, ethological (behavioural) and health needs are being met

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26
Q

What causes pale soft exudative meat?

A

the release of glycogen from meat in pigs caused by stress

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27
Q

What causes dark firm and dry meat?

A

pigs using up glycogen stores from muscle because of starvation on a journey

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28
Q

What two hormones are associated with general adaptive syndrome?

A

adrenaline and cortisol

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29
Q

What occurs to the level of cortisol during chronic stress?

A

levels decline

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30
Q

What 4 events can cause rise in cortisol levels?

A

novel situation, copulation, oviposition in fouls, stress

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31
Q

What about reproduction can be measured as a physiological measure of welfare?

A

number of offspring, levels of LH and FSH

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32
Q

Does stress cause hyperthermia or hypothermia?

A

hyperthermia

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33
Q

What hormones other than adrenaline and cortisol could be measured as a assessment of stress?

A

oxytocin, ghrelin, vasopressin, beta endorphins

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34
Q

What is critical anthropomorphism?

A

looking at an animal from their perspective as opposed to our perspective

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35
Q

What are the 6 classifications of abnormal behaviour?

A

self-directed, environmentally directed, directed at other animals, failure of function, anomalous reactivity, stereotypic behaviour

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36
Q

What are the two categories of self-directed abnormal behaviour?

A

self-multiation, self licking/plucking

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37
Q

What are the 4 categories of environmentally directed abnormal behaviour?

A

interacting with solid objects, eating litter, coprophagia, geophagia (soil eating)

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38
Q

What do animals see other animals as in abnormal behaviour directed at other animals?

A

objects, sexual objects, mothers, rivals

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39
Q

What functions can fail in the failure of function classification of abnormal behaviour?

A

sexual function, parental behaviours

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40
Q

What are 2 examples of anomalous reactivity which can occur in abnormal behaviour?

A

prolonged inactivity, hyper-reactivity and hysteria

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41
Q

What drug can block some stereotypic behaviour?

A

naxolone

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42
Q

What are the two ways of assessing the effects of husbandry/production systems on welfare?

A

outcome based measures, resource based measures

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43
Q

What are resource based measures of welfare based around?

A

the Farm Animal Welfare Committees 5 freedoms

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44
Q

What concept relates to assessing the welfare of an animal at different time points in its life?

A

Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP)

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45
Q

What would a vet involved in the State Veterinary service be involved in?

A

meat inspection and welfare of animals at transport and slaughter

46
Q

Which 4 acts may vets be involved in enforcing?

A

Animal (Scientific Procedures) Act 1986
Animal Welfare (Licensing of Activities Involving Animal Regulation)
Zoo Licensing Act 1981
Animal Welfare Act 2006

47
Q

What are the three types of law?

A

Statute law, Common law, civil law

48
Q

Who passes Statute law?

A

Parliament- it is an ‘Act of Parliament’

49
Q

Who makes Common law?

A

Judges

50
Q

What is an example of primary legislation regarding Statute Law?

A

Animal Welfare Act 2006

51
Q

What is secondary legislation regarding Statute Law?

A

the ‘sections’ of the Act

52
Q

What is an example of secondary legislation regarding Statute Law?

A

Welfare of Farm Animal Regulations 2007

53
Q

What are the two criminal laws?

A

Statute and Common Law

54
Q

What two acts about theft, trespass and criminal damage applies to animals?

A

Theft Act 1986

Criminal Damage Act 1971

55
Q

What are two examples of cultural practices which are allowed by the Treaty of Amsterdam 1997?

A

fox hunting, force feeding ducks to develop fatty livers

56
Q

Who is legally allowed to treat fish?

A

anyone

57
Q

Are animal fetuses protected by the Animal Welfare Act?

A

no

58
Q

Which Act protects domesticated vertebrates?

A

Animal Welfare Act 2006

59
Q

Which Act protects research animals?

A

Animal (Scientific Procedures) Act 1986

60
Q

Which 2 main Acts protect wild vertebrates?

A

Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981

Mammals Protection Act 1996

61
Q

What Act covers pet fish?

A

Animal Welfare Act 2006

62
Q

What Act covers animals under the control of man on a temporary basis?

A

Animal Welfare Act 2006

63
Q

Which four categories of animals are not covered by the Animal Welfare Act?

A

Wild animals in the free state
foetuses
Research animals
wild fish

64
Q

What are the three reasons people can be prosecuted with regards to the Animal Welfare Act?

A

Commission, Omission, Vicarious liability

65
Q

What is the definition of Commission?

A

conducting an illegal action under an act

66
Q

What is the definition of Omission?

A

causing suffering by failing to do something

67
Q

What is vicarious liability?

A

failing to take reasonable steps to ensure that someone else does not commit an offence against an animal for which they are responsible

68
Q

What does the Animal Welfare Act 2006 protect against?

A

unnecessary suffering, poor welfare

69
Q

What does section 18 of the Animal Welfare Act 2006 allow?

A

steps can be taken to alleviate immediate suffering of an animal

70
Q

What does a vet have to certify in relation to section 18 of the Animal Welfare Act 2006?

A

That euthanasia is required or inspectors must to take possession of the animal to alleviate animal suffering

71
Q

What are two examples of where animals needs are not being met but this is allowed?

A

broiler chickens, race horses

72
Q

Are the ‘Codes of Practice’ in the different devolved areas of the UK the same?

A

No

73
Q

Who is allowed to issue an improvement notice?

A

Animal Welfare Act inspector

74
Q

What three things must an improvement notice state?

A

What needs are not being met
what must be done
when this must be done by

75
Q

Who is able to prosecute under the Animal Welfare Act?

A

Anyone e.g. the RSPCA

76
Q

Which 2 organisations can appoint AWA inspectors?

A

National Authority

Local Authority

77
Q

Along with local and nationally appointed AWA inspectors, who else has powers under the AWA legislation?

A

Police Constables

78
Q

What is a mutilation?

A

interfering with a sensitive tissue or bone structure other than for the purpose of its medical treatment

79
Q

What are two regulations surrounding mutilation?

A 
The Mutilations (Permitter Procedures) England Regulations 2007
The Docking of Working Dogs Tails England Regulations 2007
80
Q

Is accidental poisoning an offence according to the AWA 2006?

A

no

81
Q

Which Act covers mutilations, poisoning and fighting?

A

Animal Welfare Act 2006

82
Q

What are 4 secondary legislation produced from the Animal Welfare Act 2006?

A

Welfare at Time of Killing Regulations 2015
Microchipping of dogs Regulations 2015
Welfare of Farmed Animals Regulations 2007
Welfare of Animals Transported Order 2006

83
Q

What legislation relates to licensing of business activities involving animals

A

Animal Welfare (Licensing of Activities Involving Animals) England Regulations 2018

84
Q

Who issues the Codes of Practice under the AW(LIAA) 2018?

A

DEFRA

85
Q

Are vets involved in providing licenses businesses involving animals?

A

yes

86
Q

What are the three classifications of animal research?

A

regulated
non-regulated
clinical

87
Q

What Act regulates regulated procedures?

A

Animal (Scientific Procedures) Act 1986

88
Q

What does ‘regulated’ procedures involve concerning research?

A

causing pain, suffering, distress or lasting harm to an animal

89
Q

Which Act regulates ‘non-regulated’ procedures with regards to research?

A

Animal Welfare Act 2006

90
Q

Which organisation oversees the Animal (Scientific Procedures) Act 1986?

A

the Home Office

91
Q

Which Act covers clinical research?

A

Veterinary Surgeons Act 1966

92
Q

What must clinical research prove?

A

that it will have a benefit to the animal or its immediate group

93
Q

What does an owner have to give before research on an animal can go ahead?

A

informed consent

94
Q

What are the 4 aspects of informed consent?

A

information, competence, voluntary participation, respecting the right to withhold consent

95
Q

What is a protected vertebrate?

A

any living vertebrate (except man) and octopuses

96
Q

At was stage of gestation do animals become protected by the Animal (Scientific Procedures) Act 1966?

A

2/3 of the way through gestation

97
Q

What cannot be tested on protected animals in the UK?

A

cosmetics
tobacco and alcohol
offensive weapons

98
Q

Which animals are not allowed to be experimented on in the UK?

A

Great Apes

99
Q

Where does the A(SP)A 1966 require that research is carried out?

A

On a licensed premises

100
Q

Who has to be on the premises which animal research is being carried out?

A

a licence holder

101
Q

What is the role of a vet in research under the A(SP)A 1966?

A

to report back to the Home Office inspector

102
Q

Who can perform visits to the research establishment unannounced?

A

the Home Office Inspectors (who are mostly vets)

103
Q

What does the Project Licence show?

A

how research is going to be carried out

104
Q

What information does a personal license include?

A

what species the research is being carried out on

105
Q

For which animals must there be a second review when getting a Project Licence?

A

dogs
cats
horses

106
Q

Who must establishments carrying out regulated procedures employ?

A

a named veterinary surgeon

107
Q

What do the ‘3R’ relate to when considering animal research?

A

replacement
reduction
refinement

108
Q

What do the A(SP)A 1966 ‘Codes of Practice’ stipulate about research animal environments?

A

minimum enclosure dimensions
temperature
humidity

109
Q

If a factor specified in the A(SP)A codes of practice is the factor being research, where must approve be sort?

A

project license

110
Q

What must lab rats have access to?

A

nesting material and enrichment

111
Q

Where are lab rabbits not allowed to be housed?

A

in cages

112
Q

What kind of procedure is breeding from genetically altered animals considered as?

A

regulated procedure

IAM (10 decks)

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