Lectures 17-19 Flashcards
1
Q
What two environmental conditions should rabbits be kept away from?
A
heat
dryness
2
Q
What environmental condition should guinea pigs be protected from?
A
excessive cold
3
Q
Where should guinea pigs be kept in the summer?
A
outside
4
Q
In what 2 environmental conditions should chinchillas be kept?
A
dry
cool
5
Q
Are rats adversely affected by ultrasound?
A
yes
6
Q
What are gerbils active?
A
during the day
7
Q
What are hamsters active?
A
at night
8
Q
What species of hamster is solitary?
A
syrian
9
Q
What 2 environmental conditions do birds generally not like?
A
hot
dry
10
Q
What can be done to increase the humidity for birds?
A
spray a mist in the morning
11
Q
Which Act states that caged birds should be able to spread their wings fully in a cage?
A
Wildlife and Country side Act 1981
12
Q
From what tree could the branches used in bird cages come from?
A
willow
13
Q
What should birds be kept away from in a room?
A
gas fires
14
Q
What should the humidity be above for a bird?
A
51%
15
Q
Which reptiles do not need exposure to UVB?
A
snakes
16
Q
What is the problem with using sand for snakes?
A
causes scale abrasions
17
Q
Why do reptiles require a thermostatically controlled external source of heat?
A
because they are exothermic
18
Q
Why should heat pads not be put on the wall of a vivarium?
A
because this does not create a very good temperature gradient
19
Q
What device is best for heating a vivarium?
A
ceramic bulbs with wire guard
20
Q
What distance from the basking area should a UVB strip light be?
A
20cm
21
Q
For what reptiles should a combined heat and light bulb be used?
A
zoo reptiles
22
Q
How should humidity be created for reptiles?
A
spraying the cage with a mist
23
Q
Why might it not be good to use sand as a substrate for reptiles?
A
if they ingest it they can become constipated
24
Q
What should the conditions for a chameleon be during the day and at night?
A
day- hot
high- dramatic temperature drop with high humidity
25
What should the temperature during the day for a bearded dragon be?
very hot
26
What should happen to the temperature at night for a bearded dragon?
suddenly drop off
27
When especially does a snake need to be vibration free?
when it is eating
28
What two conditions do young terrapins need?
deep water
| basking light
29
Where can adult terrapins be kept?
in a secure pond
30
What area do tortoises need?
10 sq m per adult
31
Why does a tortoises grazing area need to be rotated?
to avoid build up of parasites
32
Can male and female tortoises be kept together?
no
33
Which seasons need to be artificially prolonged for tortoises?
autumn
| spring
34
Where should tortoises be kept during the winter?
in a fridge
35
What commonly builds up in an amphibian aquarium?
parasites
36
What three groups of rabbits need concentrate feed?
growing rabbits
breeding rabbits
very active rabbits
37
What kind of food is Supreme 'Russel Rabbit'?
alfalfa mix
38
What are three problems with cheap rabbit mixes?
too high in carbohydrates
too low in fibre
incorrect Ca:P ratio
39
Which rabbits should be fed rabbit breeder pellets?
meat rabbits
40
What are two problems with feeding rabbits diets two high in concentrates?
poor caecal flora
| non-caecotrophy
41
What are two problems with not feeding rabbits the correct Ca:P ratio?
osteodystrophy
| calciuria
42
What food has a Ca:P ratio of 10:1?
carrot tops
43
Why can rabbits be fed some dandelion even though the Ca:P ratio is 3:1
dandelions contains a diuretic which removes some of the Ca
44
What three problems does feeding rabbits on a low fibre diet cause?
poor gut motility
poor caecal flora
non-caecotrophy
45
How much concentrates should rabbits not be given more than in relation to rabbit body weight?
2-3%
46
What problem can be caused in rabbits by feeding them too much lettuce?
bloat
47
How much daily dietary vitamin C do guinea pigs require?
5-30mg/kg
48
In what 5 situations do guinea pigs need 2-3 times the normal amount of vitamin C?
```
in growth
stress
pregnancy
lactation
sickness
```
49
After how long with vitamin C deficiency do clinical signs start to shown in guinea pigs?
14 days
50
How should guinea pigs be provided with enough vitamin C?
supplemented pellet
51
Can guinea pigs be fed ad lib concentrates?
yes
52
Do Supreme Pet Foods or Burgess Super Guinea food contain a better amount of vitamin C?
Burgess Super Guinea food
53
What problem in guinea pigs can the lack of fibre cause?
barbering- chewing themselves or other guinea pigs
54
What problem can the lack of vitamin C cause in young guinea pigs?
joint swelling
55
What three problems can the lack of vitamin C cause in adult guinea pigs?
malocclusion
poor wound healing
immunosuppression
56
What two diseases can be exacerbated in animals with immunosuppression?
skin disease
| respiratory disease
57
What two things can cause vitamin C deactivation if vitamin C supplements are put in water bottles?
sunlight
| soft metal tips
58
What does the fat content in a chinchillas diet need to be less than?
3%
59
What are the two characteristics of good chinchilla food?
low fat
| supplemented vitamin C
60
What four food items can be given to chinchillas as treats?
hard vegetables
fruit
raisins
sultanas
61
What can soft fruits cause in chinchillas?
colic
62
How much vitamin C do chinchillas require compared with guinea pigs?
same amount
63
Do chinchillas need a source of hay?
yes
64
What are 6 common health problems in chinchillas?
```
hypocalcaemia
dental disease
greasy fur
fatty liver
paraphimosis
bloat
```
65
What two treats should not be given to chinchillas because they are high in fat?
peanuts
| sunflower seeds
66
What two foods should degus be fed?
hay
| guinea pig pellets
67
What disease can degus get if they are fed on gerbil food?
diabetes mellitus
68
What is the first sign of diabetes mellitus in degus?
cataracts
69
What nutrient is pet rat food often lacking?
protein
70
What percentage of a maintenance rodent diet should be crude protein?
14.7%
71
What percentage of maintenance rodent diet should be animal protein?
2.5%
72
What type of protein should rats have some of?
animal protein
73
What two things do hamsters and gerbils eat in the wild?
invertebrates
| fresh vegetation
74
What health problem do small mammal foods normally cause?
obesity
75
Why may people not like to feed laboratory food to rats?
comes by the pallet and smells strongly of fish
76
What three problems commonly arise in small mammals because of incorrect feeding?
hair loss
poor skin
poor immune system
77
What can hamsters and gerbils be fed as a protein source?
live insects
78
What can rat and mouse diet be based on?
human food
79
What health problem may be reduced by feeding ferrets carcasses rather than ferret complete extruded diets?
dental problems
80
What food from another animal can ferrets be fed?
cat food
81
What are the two sorts of seed available to birds?
fat rich seeds
| carbohydrate rich seeds
82
What is the fat content in fat rich seeds?
30-45%
83
What is the fat content of carbohydrate rich seeds?
2-4%
84
What are three examples of fat rich seeds?
sunflower
rape
linseed
85
What are three examples of carbohydrate rich seeds?
millet
oat
wheat
86
What are the two essential amino acids for birds?
lysine
| methionine
87
What three foods are lysine and methionine found?
pulses
maize
animal protein
88
What does neophobic mean in terms of bird diet?
means that once they have learnt what to eat from their parents they are not willing to change
89
What should the fat content in bird food be less than?
8%
90
What percentage fat do big macaws need?
18%
91
What does bird rearing food contain?
egg protein
92
Can adult birds be fed on rearing food?
yes
93
What two amino acids is egg protein high in?
lysine
| methionine
94
What three birds can softbill foods be fed to?
robins
thrushes
starlings
95
What are three sources of calcium for birds?
cuttlefish bone
oystershell grit
mineral grit
96
What are two reasons why calcium supplements should not be added to bird water?
they contain sorbitol which encourages bacterial growth
| birds don't often like drinking water with this in
97
Which birds require a source of iodine?
budgies
98
How can iodine be supplied to budgies?
iodine pecking blocks
99
Why should the amount of millet spray given to birds be limited?
because they can induce obesity
100
What condition can budgies get if they are not fed enough iodine?
hypothyroidism
101
What seed mix should you advise owners feed their budgies?
'Trill' (a supplemented feed)
102
What two green foods can be fed to budgies?
dandelions
| lettuce
103
What is the two main seeds in budgie mix?
canary
| millet
104
What is in cockatiel food which can lead to obesity?
fat rich seeds e.g. sunflower seed
105
What should cockatiels be fed if they are becoming too overweight?
budgie food
106
Why do canary birds need more fat rich seeds in their diet?
because they are smaller than other birds
107
What food should canaries be fed during moulting?
'colour food'
108
Why are parrot mixes not a good food for parrots?
because they are high in sunflower seeds and peanuts
109
What 5 things are parrot mixes too low in?
```
fibre
calcium
fat soluble vitamins
lysine
methionine
```
110
What disease can be caused in parrots by feeding them parrot mix?
aspergillosis
111
Are complete extruded diets for parrots good quality?
yes
112
What are the best diets for parrots?
home made fresh diets
113
In a home made diet what should a parrot diet mainly be?
fruit and vegetables
114
What three foods can be a carbohydrate source for parrots?
roce
cooked potato
pasta
115
What disease can parrots develop if given high fat food?
fatty liver disease
116
What three foods should parrots not be given?
chocolate
avocado
caffeine
117
What two nutrients do African grey parrots often have deficiency in?
Vitamin D
| calcium
118
What disease can African grey parrots get if deficient in vitamin D and calcium?
osteodystrophy
119
What should the main component of lories and lorikeets be?
nectar
120
What three foods can lories and lorikeets be given?
honey
baby foods
sponge cake
121
What mineral should there be lots of in the soil tortoises graze on?
Ca
122
What should the grazing pasture of tortoise be like?
weedy
123
A diet too high in what can cause turetting of a tortoises shell?
protein
124
What two conditions can overfeeding tortoises cause?
overgrown beaks and claws
| liver disease
125
Why do tortoises need UVB source if kept indoors?
to make vitamin D
126
What are three common problems arising from incorrect feeding of tortoises?
osteodystrophy
hypovitaminosis A
liver disease
127
What is a clinical sign of hypovitaminosis A in tortoises?
swelling of the eyes
128
At what temperature do tortoises need to be kept during hibernation?
4-5 degrees
129
What should terrapins be fed on?
good quality pelleted food
130
What disease can be caused in terrapins by feeding them fresh meat?
osteodystrophy
131
Why should lizards not be fed on mealworms?
because they do not have the correct Ca:P ratio
132
What three things should a common iguana be fed on?
leaves
flowers
fruit
133
What four things should be in a bearded dragon diet?
insects
leaves
fruit
flowers
134
What is an essential characteristic of a Bosc Monitor diet?
low calorie
135
What is a common health problem in Bosc Monitors?
obesity
136
Should day old chicks be fed to snakes?
no
137
How much food should a snake be given in one sitting?
as much as it wants
138
After feeding a snake when do you feed it again?
when the food has passed out of the snake
139
What is the Ca:P ratio of mealworms?
1:22
140
What does the Ca:P need to be for reptiles?
2:1
141
What health problem can reptiles get with being fed meal worms?
obesity
