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IAM > Lectures 17-19 > Flashcards

Lectures 17-19 Flashcards

1
Q

What two environmental conditions should rabbits be kept away from?

A

heat

dryness

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2
Q

What environmental condition should guinea pigs be protected from?

A

excessive cold

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3
Q

Where should guinea pigs be kept in the summer?

A

outside

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4
Q

In what 2 environmental conditions should chinchillas be kept?

A

dry

cool

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5
Q

Are rats adversely affected by ultrasound?

A

yes

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6
Q

What are gerbils active?

A

during the day

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7
Q

What are hamsters active?

A

at night

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8
Q

What species of hamster is solitary?

A

syrian

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9
Q

What 2 environmental conditions do birds generally not like?

A

hot

dry

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10
Q

What can be done to increase the humidity for birds?

A

spray a mist in the morning

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11
Q

Which Act states that caged birds should be able to spread their wings fully in a cage?

A

Wildlife and Country side Act 1981

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12
Q

From what tree could the branches used in bird cages come from?

A

willow

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13
Q

What should birds be kept away from in a room?

A

gas fires

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14
Q

What should the humidity be above for a bird?

A

51%

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15
Q

Which reptiles do not need exposure to UVB?

A

snakes

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16
Q

What is the problem with using sand for snakes?

A

causes scale abrasions

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17
Q

Why do reptiles require a thermostatically controlled external source of heat?

A

because they are exothermic

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18
Q

Why should heat pads not be put on the wall of a vivarium?

A

because this does not create a very good temperature gradient

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19
Q

What device is best for heating a vivarium?

A

ceramic bulbs with wire guard

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20
Q

What distance from the basking area should a UVB strip light be?

A

20cm

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21
Q

For what reptiles should a combined heat and light bulb be used?

A

zoo reptiles

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22
Q

How should humidity be created for reptiles?

A

spraying the cage with a mist

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23
Q

Why might it not be good to use sand as a substrate for reptiles?

A

if they ingest it they can become constipated

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24
Q

What should the conditions for a chameleon be during the day and at night?

A

day- hot

high- dramatic temperature drop with high humidity

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25
Q

What should the temperature during the day for a bearded dragon be?

A

very hot

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26
Q

What should happen to the temperature at night for a bearded dragon?

A

suddenly drop off

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27
Q

When especially does a snake need to be vibration free?

A

when it is eating

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28
Q

What two conditions do young terrapins need?

A

deep water

basking light

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29
Q

Where can adult terrapins be kept?

A

in a secure pond

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30
Q

What area do tortoises need?

A

10 sq m per adult

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31
Q

Why does a tortoises grazing area need to be rotated?

A

to avoid build up of parasites

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32
Q

Can male and female tortoises be kept together?

A

no

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33
Q

Which seasons need to be artificially prolonged for tortoises?

A

autumn

spring

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34
Q

Where should tortoises be kept during the winter?

A

in a fridge

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35
Q

What commonly builds up in an amphibian aquarium?

A

parasites

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36
Q

What three groups of rabbits need concentrate feed?

A

growing rabbits
breeding rabbits
very active rabbits

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37
Q

What kind of food is Supreme ‘Russel Rabbit’?

A

alfalfa mix

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38
Q

What are three problems with cheap rabbit mixes?

A

too high in carbohydrates
too low in fibre
incorrect Ca:P ratio

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39
Q

Which rabbits should be fed rabbit breeder pellets?

A

meat rabbits

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40
Q

What are two problems with feeding rabbits diets two high in concentrates?

A

poor caecal flora

non-caecotrophy

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41
Q

What are two problems with not feeding rabbits the correct Ca:P ratio?

A

osteodystrophy

calciuria

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42
Q

What food has a Ca:P ratio of 10:1?

A

carrot tops

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43
Q

Why can rabbits be fed some dandelion even though the Ca:P ratio is 3:1

A

dandelions contains a diuretic which removes some of the Ca

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44
Q

What three problems does feeding rabbits on a low fibre diet cause?

A

poor gut motility
poor caecal flora
non-caecotrophy

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45
Q

How much concentrates should rabbits not be given more than in relation to rabbit body weight?

A

2-3%

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46
Q

What problem can be caused in rabbits by feeding them too much lettuce?

A

bloat

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47
Q

How much daily dietary vitamin C do guinea pigs require?

A

5-30mg/kg

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48
Q

In what 5 situations do guinea pigs need 2-3 times the normal amount of vitamin C?

A 
in growth
stress
pregnancy
lactation 
sickness
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49
Q

After how long with vitamin C deficiency do clinical signs start to shown in guinea pigs?

A

14 days

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50
Q

How should guinea pigs be provided with enough vitamin C?

A

supplemented pellet

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51
Q

Can guinea pigs be fed ad lib concentrates?

A

yes

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52
Q

Do Supreme Pet Foods or Burgess Super Guinea food contain a better amount of vitamin C?

A

Burgess Super Guinea food

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53
Q

What problem in guinea pigs can the lack of fibre cause?

A

barbering- chewing themselves or other guinea pigs

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54
Q

What problem can the lack of vitamin C cause in young guinea pigs?

A

joint swelling

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55
Q

What three problems can the lack of vitamin C cause in adult guinea pigs?

A

malocclusion
poor wound healing
immunosuppression

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56
Q

What two diseases can be exacerbated in animals with immunosuppression?

A

skin disease

respiratory disease

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57
Q

What two things can cause vitamin C deactivation if vitamin C supplements are put in water bottles?

A

sunlight

soft metal tips

58
Q

What does the fat content in a chinchillas diet need to be less than?

A

3%

59
Q

What are the two characteristics of good chinchilla food?

A

low fat

supplemented vitamin C

60
Q

What four food items can be given to chinchillas as treats?

A

hard vegetables
fruit
raisins
sultanas

61
Q

What can soft fruits cause in chinchillas?

A

colic

62
Q

How much vitamin C do chinchillas require compared with guinea pigs?

A

same amount

63
Q

Do chinchillas need a source of hay?

A

yes

64
Q

What are 6 common health problems in chinchillas?

A 
hypocalcaemia
dental disease
greasy fur
fatty liver 
paraphimosis
bloat
65
Q

What two treats should not be given to chinchillas because they are high in fat?

A

peanuts

sunflower seeds

66
Q

What two foods should degus be fed?

A

hay

guinea pig pellets

67
Q

What disease can degus get if they are fed on gerbil food?

A

diabetes mellitus

68
Q

What is the first sign of diabetes mellitus in degus?

A

cataracts

69
Q

What nutrient is pet rat food often lacking?

A

protein

70
Q

What percentage of a maintenance rodent diet should be crude protein?

A

14.7%

71
Q

What percentage of maintenance rodent diet should be animal protein?

A

2.5%

72
Q

What type of protein should rats have some of?

A

animal protein

73
Q

What two things do hamsters and gerbils eat in the wild?

A

invertebrates

fresh vegetation

74
Q

What health problem do small mammal foods normally cause?

A

obesity

75
Q

Why may people not like to feed laboratory food to rats?

A

comes by the pallet and smells strongly of fish

76
Q

What three problems commonly arise in small mammals because of incorrect feeding?

A

hair loss
poor skin
poor immune system

77
Q

What can hamsters and gerbils be fed as a protein source?

A

live insects

78
Q

What can rat and mouse diet be based on?

A

human food

79
Q

What health problem may be reduced by feeding ferrets carcasses rather than ferret complete extruded diets?

A

dental problems

80
Q

What food from another animal can ferrets be fed?

A

cat food

81
Q

What are the two sorts of seed available to birds?

A

fat rich seeds

carbohydrate rich seeds

82
Q

What is the fat content in fat rich seeds?

A

30-45%

83
Q

What is the fat content of carbohydrate rich seeds?

A

2-4%

84
Q

What are three examples of fat rich seeds?

A

sunflower
rape
linseed

85
Q

What are three examples of carbohydrate rich seeds?

A

millet
oat
wheat

86
Q

What are the two essential amino acids for birds?

A

lysine

methionine

87
Q

What three foods are lysine and methionine found?

A

pulses
maize
animal protein

88
Q

What does neophobic mean in terms of bird diet?

A

means that once they have learnt what to eat from their parents they are not willing to change

89
Q

What should the fat content in bird food be less than?

A

8%

90
Q

What percentage fat do big macaws need?

A

18%

91
Q

What does bird rearing food contain?

A

egg protein

92
Q

Can adult birds be fed on rearing food?

A

yes

93
Q

What two amino acids is egg protein high in?

A

lysine

methionine

94
Q

What three birds can softbill foods be fed to?

A

robins
thrushes
starlings

95
Q

What are three sources of calcium for birds?

A

cuttlefish bone
oystershell grit
mineral grit

96
Q

What are two reasons why calcium supplements should not be added to bird water?

A

they contain sorbitol which encourages bacterial growth

birds don’t often like drinking water with this in

97
Q

Which birds require a source of iodine?

A

budgies

98
Q

How can iodine be supplied to budgies?

A

iodine pecking blocks

99
Q

Why should the amount of millet spray given to birds be limited?

A

because they can induce obesity

100
Q

What condition can budgies get if they are not fed enough iodine?

A

hypothyroidism

101
Q

What seed mix should you advise owners feed their budgies?

A

‘Trill’ (a supplemented feed)

102
Q

What two green foods can be fed to budgies?

A

dandelions

lettuce

103
Q

What is the two main seeds in budgie mix?

A

canary

millet

104
Q

What is in cockatiel food which can lead to obesity?

A

fat rich seeds e.g. sunflower seed

105
Q

What should cockatiels be fed if they are becoming too overweight?

A

budgie food

106
Q

Why do canary birds need more fat rich seeds in their diet?

A

because they are smaller than other birds

107
Q

What food should canaries be fed during moulting?

A

‘colour food’

108
Q

Why are parrot mixes not a good food for parrots?

A

because they are high in sunflower seeds and peanuts

109
Q

What 5 things are parrot mixes too low in?

A 
fibre
calcium 
fat soluble vitamins 
lysine
methionine
110
Q

What disease can be caused in parrots by feeding them parrot mix?

A

aspergillosis

111
Q

Are complete extruded diets for parrots good quality?

A

yes

112
Q

What are the best diets for parrots?

A

home made fresh diets

113
Q

In a home made diet what should a parrot diet mainly be?

A

fruit and vegetables

114
Q

What three foods can be a carbohydrate source for parrots?

A

roce
cooked potato
pasta

115
Q

What disease can parrots develop if given high fat food?

A

fatty liver disease

116
Q

What three foods should parrots not be given?

A

chocolate
avocado
caffeine

117
Q

What two nutrients do African grey parrots often have deficiency in?

A

Vitamin D

calcium

118
Q

What disease can African grey parrots get if deficient in vitamin D and calcium?

A

osteodystrophy

119
Q

What should the main component of lories and lorikeets be?

A

nectar

120
Q

What three foods can lories and lorikeets be given?

A

honey
baby foods
sponge cake

121
Q

What mineral should there be lots of in the soil tortoises graze on?

A

Ca

122
Q

What should the grazing pasture of tortoise be like?

A

weedy

123
Q

A diet too high in what can cause turetting of a tortoises shell?

A

protein

124
Q

What two conditions can overfeeding tortoises cause?

A

overgrown beaks and claws

liver disease

125
Q

Why do tortoises need UVB source if kept indoors?

A

to make vitamin D

126
Q

What are three common problems arising from incorrect feeding of tortoises?

A

osteodystrophy
hypovitaminosis A
liver disease

127
Q

What is a clinical sign of hypovitaminosis A in tortoises?

A

swelling of the eyes

128
Q

At what temperature do tortoises need to be kept during hibernation?

A

4-5 degrees

129
Q

What should terrapins be fed on?

A

good quality pelleted food

130
Q

What disease can be caused in terrapins by feeding them fresh meat?

A

osteodystrophy

131
Q

Why should lizards not be fed on mealworms?

A

because they do not have the correct Ca:P ratio

132
Q

What three things should a common iguana be fed on?

A

leaves
flowers
fruit

133
Q

What four things should be in a bearded dragon diet?

A

insects
leaves
fruit
flowers

134
Q

What is an essential characteristic of a Bosc Monitor diet?

A

low calorie

135
Q

What is a common health problem in Bosc Monitors?

A

obesity

136
Q

Should day old chicks be fed to snakes?

A

no

137
Q

How much food should a snake be given in one sitting?

A

as much as it wants

138
Q

After feeding a snake when do you feed it again?

A

when the food has passed out of the snake

139
Q

What is the Ca:P ratio of mealworms?

A

1:22

140
Q

What does the Ca:P need to be for reptiles?

A

2:1

141
Q

What health problem can reptiles get with being fed meal worms?

A

obesity

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