Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

IAM > Lecture 13-15 > Flashcards

Lecture 13-15 Flashcards

1
Q

What does metabolisable energy requirements in all animals vary with?

A

body surface area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the MER equation for dogs?

A

110 W^0.75 kcal/day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the MER equation for cats?

A

70-90 W kcal/day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Do larger or smaller dogs require less energy per kg of dog?

A

larger

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the energy requirement as a function of the MER for growing dogs and cats?

A

2-3*MER

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the energy requirement as a function of the MER for lactating dogs and cats?

A

4*MER

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the energy requirement as a function of the MER for pregnant dogs and cats?

A

1.1-1.6*MER

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the energy requirement as a function of the MER for hard working dogs?

A

2-4*MER

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What 5 deficiencies are common with homemade vegetarian dog diets?

A 
zinc 
protein
calcium 
vitamin D
vitamin B12
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How do cats obtain glucose?

A

post-prandial gluconeogenesis from protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What percentage of a dogs diet should be protein?

A

18%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What percentage of a cats diet should be protein?

A

20-30%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Why do cats need a constant source of protein?

A

because they have nitrogen catabolising enzymes which cannot be downregulated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What happens to a cat which does not have enought dietary protein?

A

It will become skinny because body protein will be broken down

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What three things do cats have an increased requirement for in their diet compared with dogs or man?

A

arginine
sulfur containing amino acids
nicotinic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What cycle is arginine important in?

A

urea cycle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is caused if arginine is depleted in cats?

A

hyperammonaemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are two examples of sulfur containing amino acids?

A

methionine

cysteine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Why might cats need increased sulfur containing amino acids?

A

because of the frequent turnover of hair

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What three things do cats have an absolute requirement for in their diet?

A

taurine
arachidonic acid
pre-formed vitamin A

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What 4 problems can be caused by taurine deficiency in cats?

A

poor reproductive performance
poor kitten growth
retinal degeneration
dilated cardiomyopathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Why do cats have a high dietary requirement for taurine?

A

Reduced ability to synthesise taurine from cysteine

Conjugation of bile acids solely with taurine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

In most mammals, what two things can bile acids be conjugated with?

A

glycine

taurine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What two things is canned cat food higher in compared with dried food?

A

fibre

fat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Is more taurine required for canned or dried cat food?

A

canned

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What protein source supplies taurine?

A

animal tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What are two cat foods which are deficient/very low in taurine?

A

cows milk

boiled chicken if the water is not kept

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Why can cats not be fed on dog food?

A

because they are taurine deficient because dogs have no taurine requirement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

How do dogs access arachidonic acid?

A

linoleic acid is converted to arachidonic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Why do cats need arachidonic acid in their diet?

A

because they have reduced activity of the two enzymes converting linolenic acid to arachidonic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

How do dogs access vitamin A?

A

they made it from dietary beta-carotenes in the intestinal mucosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Why do cats need vitamin A in their diet?

A

They cannot convert beta carotenes to vitamin A in their intestinal mucosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What two foods can give cats vitamin A toxicitiy?

A

liver

excessive cod liver oil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What does hypervitaminosis A cause in cats?

A

calcification of the cartilage between the ventral part of neck vertebrae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

By how much is a cats dietary requirement for nicotinic acid greater than than of dogs?

A

4 times

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What can nicotinic acid be made from?

A

tryptophan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Why cats not supply as much nicotinic acid needs by conversion of tryptophan?

A

because there is increased activity of the picolinic carboxylase enzyme in the liver which converts tryptophan to glutamate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

What nutrient can cats not tolerate a lot of in their diet?

A

carbohydrates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

What two enzymes for the digestion of carbohydrates have less activity in the liver in cats than dogs?

A

glucokinase

pancreatic amylase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

What can feeding a dog before exercise predispose to?

A

gastric dilatation and volvulus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

What is the main aim when considering how much to feed a dog or cat?

A

Feed to maintain a stable body weight

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

What two problems can feeding cats cold food cause?

A

pylorospasm

vomiting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

How many meals a day will a cat naturally eat?

A

8-16

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

What information are food companies legally not allowed to put on animal feed packets?

A

energy content

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

To work out the energy content of 100g of dog feed (in kcal), what do you multiply the:
protein content
fat content
carbohydrate content by?

A
  1. 5
  2. 5
  3. 5
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Does dried or wet food have a higher energy density?

A

dried

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

When should the energy intake of a pregnant bitch be increased?

A

last trimester

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

By how much should the energy intake be increased in a pregnant bitch per week?

A

15%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

When should the energy intake be increased for a pregnant queen?

A

throughout pregnancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

When does most of fetal growth take place in a pregnant queen?

A

in the last trimester

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

Why do queens need to increase body fat during pregnancy?

A

to offset the reduced energy intake for the first few days after parturition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

Are there any diets specific for pregnant bitches or queens?

A

no

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

What do puppy or kitten diets contain which means they can be fed to pregnant queens or bitches?

A

DHA= docosahexanoic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

What is DHA useful for developing?

A

fetal nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

How long does it take after birth for a puppies weight to double?

A

7-10 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

But the time a puppy has increased its birthweight by 6-10 times, how old is it?

A

6 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

How much food should a cat be fed when lactating?

A

ad lib

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

Can cows milk be fed to orphaned puppy/kittens?

A

it is not advisable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

As well as feeding orphaned kittens/pups several times a day what should also be done?

A

stimulate the uro-genital region to stimulate defaecation and urination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

What two disease do puppies sometimes get if they do not get enough of the mothers colostrum?

A

salmonellosis

E. coli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

Can a puppy be fed on kitten milk?

A

yes

62
Q

For how many hours after birth should puppies/kittens be given colostrum?

A

12 hours

63
Q

After how man hours does antibody transfer stop in puppies/kittens?

A

16 hours

64
Q

What is a problem with feeding puppies bottled milk?

A

predisposes them to excessive weight gain

65
Q

Roughly how much does a kitten weigh at birth?

A

100g

66
Q

At what age should some solid food be introduced to puppies and kittens?

A

3 weeks

67
Q

At what age should kittens and puppies be fully weaned?

A

6-8 weeks

68
Q

How many meals a day should puppies be given after weaning?

A

4

69
Q

What 3 nutrients are needed in more than twice the quantity as adults in puppies and kittens?

A

calcium
phosphorous
protein

70
Q

Can puppies and kittens be fed on an adult diet?

A

no

71
Q

What two conditions can too much calcium or energy predispose giant dog breeds to?

A

hip dysplasia

OCD

72
Q

By what age have most dog breeds reached 50% adult weight?

A

6 months

73
Q

After reaching 50% of body weight, how many meals a day should puppies be given?

A

2

74
Q

What percentage of adult body weight have kittens acquired by 6 months of age?

A

75%

75
Q

What can a diet too low in calcium cause for puppies?

A

secondary hyperparathyroidism

76
Q

In what general breeds does the Ca:P ratio need to be more tightly controlled?

A

large breeds

77
Q

Is excessive or limited Ca in puppies more commonly seen?

A

excessive

78
Q

Why is excessive intake of Ca a problem in puppies?

A

Ca intake cannot be controlled so 40% of dietary Ca is always absorbed passively

79
Q

What is a major problem of homemade diets for puppies?

A

they do not contain enough Ca

80
Q

Why should you not carbohydrate load a greyhound before a race?

A

this could lead to worse lactic acidosis in the muscles

81
Q

What should a racing greyhounds diet largely consist of?

A

carbohydrates

82
Q

What should a racing husky’s diet largely consist of?

A

high fat

83
Q

Is the resting metabolism for a husky higher or lower than for normal dogs?

A

lower

84
Q

What four things does stress increase in working dogs?

A

energy expenditure
the need for protein
the need for vitamin C
the need for vitamin D

85
Q

Is feeding an old dog a specialised old dog diet always appropriate?

A

no

86
Q

If body weight of old dogs does not change, how does the body body fat increase?

A

there is a loss of lean body mass

87
Q

What is the maintenance energy of an old dog?

A

90W^0.75 kcal/day

88
Q

What nutrient do you need to make sure a senior diet contains?

A

protein

89
Q

How does an old cats weight change?

A

it usually loses weight

90
Q

Should an old cats energy intake decrease?

A

no

91
Q

What are the three ways to calculate nutrient requirements of a food?

A

nutrient tables
chemical analysis
animal feeding trials

92
Q

What are the two reasons for animal feeding trials being the best way of calculating nutrient requirements?

A

takes digestibility of the food into acount

takes food interactions into account

93
Q

What substance reduces zinc availability in the brain?

A

phytate

94
Q

The need for what nutrient increases in cats on a high protein diet?

A

potassium

95
Q

What are the three recognised feeding trials for manufactured food?

A

maintenance protocol
growth protocol
all stage protocol

96
Q

What three substances is meat generally low in?

A

vitamin A
vitamin D
calcium

97
Q

What two meat products are high in vitamin A and D?

A

liver

kidney

98
Q

What are the two categories of fish?

A

fatty fish

white fish

99
Q

What two vitamins are fatty fish high in?

A

A

D

100
Q

What substance is fish generally high in?

A

iodine

101
Q

What two things needed to be destroyed by cooking fish?

A

parasites

thiaminase

102
Q

What are two diseases which can be caused by feeding cats on raw fish?

A

Chastek’s paralysis

Pansteatitis

103
Q

How can raw fish diets cause pansteatis?

A

because of being vitamin E deficient

104
Q

Why should eggs be cooked if used as a source of protein?

A

eggs contain avidin which makes biotin unavailable - cooking destroys this

105
Q

What two things eggs low in?

A

iron

vitamin D

106
Q

Can dogs be fed on wheat and corn?

A

yes

107
Q

What nutrient is in leafy vegetables which can be given to dogs?

A

fibre

108
Q

What two vegetables can particularly be given to dogs for hypoallergenic diets?

A

cooked potatoes

soya bean

109
Q

What two substances are very often deficient in homemade cat diets?

A

taurine

vitamin A

110
Q

Do pet foods have to be balanced?

A

yes

111
Q

Do all foods have to be tested by feeding trials?

A

no

112
Q

Do pet foods have to be fit for human consumption?

A

yes

113
Q

What are the two types of pet food available?

A

complete and balanced

complementary

114
Q

What is the moisture percentage of moist food?

A

72-85%

115
Q

What two nutrients are moist foods high in?

A

animal protein

fat

116
Q

What is the moisture content of semi-moist food?

A

15-30%

117
Q

What health problem are semi-moist foods often a cause of?

A

obesity

118
Q

What is the moisture content of dry food?

A

5-12%

119
Q

How is the palatability of dried food increased?

A

surface applied ‘digest’

120
Q

Is dried or canned food cheaper?

A

dried

121
Q

Is dried or canned food more digestible?

A

canned

122
Q

What substance is reduced in dried food if stored badly?

A

essential fatty acids

123
Q

What are the 4 price categories of pet food?

A

economy
standard
premium
super premium

124
Q

What do more expensive cat and dog foods contain more and less of than cheaper foods?

A

more meat

less cereal

125
Q

What two things regulate Pet Food Lables?

A

EC directives

Feeding Stuffs Regulations 1995

126
Q

What are the two main parts of an animal food label?

A

Principal Display Panel

Statutory Statement

127
Q

What three pieces of information must be on the Principle Display panel?

A

brand name
product name
species

128
Q

If a food says ‘with beef’ what is the minimum about of beef it can contain?

A

4%

129
Q

What 5 things does the Statutory Statement include?

A 
ingredient statement 
typical analysis 
product description 
directions for use
additives and certain vitamins and minerals
130
Q

Is the moisture of a food is over what percentage must it be stated?

A

14%

131
Q

What 4 things must the product description include?

A

species
life stage
whether it is complementary or complete
additional food needed

132
Q

What 3 additive must be stated if used?

A

preservatives
antioxidants
colours

133
Q

What 4 non food related pieces of information should be put on the food packet?

A

best before date
batch number
net weight
name and address of company responsible for the product

134
Q

When calculating energy content of a pet food, do you need to calculate dry matter?

A

no

135
Q

What are the two categories of raw meat diets?

A

commercial

home-prepared

136
Q

What is the term which describes a diet where all ingredients and components of ingredients other than the vitamins or minerals of a natural pet food must not be chemically synthesised?

A

natural diet

137
Q

Is there evidence that the any benefits of raw food diets out-weigh the risks of them?

A

no

138
Q

What is the average life span of a wolf?

A

6 years

139
Q

Do wolves eat rumen contents?

A

no

140
Q

Who can advise on the content of a home-made diet?

A

veterinary nutritionalist

141
Q

What is the most common problem associated with an unbalanced home-made raw meat diet?

A

secondary hyperparathyroidism

142
Q

What organ can cause hyperthyroidism if fed to dogs and what can this cause in the dog?

A

thyroid glands, anoestrus

143
Q

Are commercial raw food diets balanced?

A

yes

144
Q

Are there commercial raw food clinical diets?

A

no

145
Q

What tolerance will commercial raw food diets have for diseases such as campylobacter?

A

zero tolerance

146
Q

What 4 diseases which dogs can acquire from raw foods are of public health concern?

A

Salmonella
Toxoplasma gondii
Echinococcus
Cambylobacter

147
Q

What animal product is high in Salmonella?

A

cow feet treats

148
Q

What are three health problems associated with feeding dogs bones?

A

oesophageal perforation
gastrointestinal obstruction
cracking pre-molar teeth

149
Q

What about raw food diets make them not suitable for dogs with pancreatitis?

A

they are high in fat often

150
Q

What about raw food diets make them not suitable for dogs with chronic renal failure?

A

they are high in phosphate and this should be restricted in dogs with chronic renal failure

IAM (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions