Lectures 27/28 - Plants

Question 1

_____ and plants share a common ancestor

Answer 1

charophytes

Question 2

What are 5 characteristics that separate plants from charophytes?

Answer 2

1. alternation of generations
2. multicellular, dependent embryos
3. Walled spores in sporangia
4. multicellular gametangia
5. apical meristems (grows up)

Question 3

Why are plants called embrophytes?

Answer 3

-dependent embryos housed within parent gamenophyte

Question 4

What makes spores so special?

Answer 4

they have sporinpollenin

Question 5

What are the 2 types of vascular tissue?

Answer 5

1. xylem

2. phloem

Question 6

What is xylem made of?

Answer 6

-traechied cells

Question 7

What is sporinpollenin?

Answer 7

prevents exposed zygotes from drying out

Question 8

What are lignin?

Answer 8

• strengthen water conducting cells like xylem

- provide structural support

Question 9

What do xylem transport?

Answer 9

water + minerals

Question 10

What do Phloem transport?

Answer 10

sugars, amino acids, organic material

Question 11

What are the 2 types of leaves?

Answer 11

1. microphylls

2. megaphylls

Question 12

What are microphylls?

Answer 12

leaves with a single vein

Question 13

What are megaphylls?

Answer 13

leaves with a highly branched vascular system

Question 14

Are gametophytes haploid or diploid?

Answer 14

haploid

Question 15

What are 2 other features in vascular plants not found in other plants

Answer 15

1. leaves

2. roots

Question 16

Gametophytes produce _____ gametes by _____

Answer 16

haploid, mitosis

Question 17

are sporophytes diploid or haploid?

Answer 17

diploid

Question 18

Sporophytes produce ____ _____ by ______

Answer 18

haploid, spores, meiosis

Question 19

What are heterosporous plants?

Answer 19

• produce megaspores that become female gametophytes

- microspores that become male gametophytes

Question 20

What are homosporous plants?

Answer 20

produce bisexual gametopytes

Question 21

What are the 3 phyla of seedless nonvascular plants?

Answer 21

1. hepatophyta (Liverworts)
2. anthocerophyta (Hornworts)
3. brophyta (mosses)

Question 22

What is the ecological importance of Peat moss?

Answer 22

can be used as source of fuel

Question 23

How are seedless vascular plants grouped?

Answer 23

part of a grade

Question 24

What is a grade?

Answer 24

based off similar characteristics rather than common ancestor

Question 25

What are the 2 phyla of seedless vascular plants?

Answer 25

1. Lycophytes (club mosses) | 2. Monilophytes (ferns)

Question 26

What is the ecological importance of seedless vascular plants?

Answer 26

- caused global cooling during carboniferous | - formed coal deposits

Question 27

What is an integument?

Answer 27

- 2n | - protective layer for the seed

Question 28

How many integuments in gymnosperms? angiosperms?

Answer 28

2,3

Question 29

What is a megaspore?

Answer 29

- 1n | - larger (female?) spore

Question 30

What is a seed?

Answer 30

embryo and nutrients surrounded by a protective coat

Question 31

What is a gymnosperm?

Answer 31

naked seed plants (including conifers)

Question 32

What is an angiosperm/

Answer 32

flowering plants

Question 33

What is the seed coat?

Answer 33

allows for seeds to survive better than unprotected spores

Question 34

What is the food supply?

Answer 34

develops from the megasporangium

Question 35

What is the megasporangium

Answer 35

- 2n | - food for developing embryo

Question 36

What is the embryo?

Answer 36

developing sporophyte

Question 37

In seed plants, where are gametophytes housed?

Answer 37

reduced gametophytes housed in sporophytes

Question 38

What are pollen grains?

Answer 38

allow for fertilization without water (pollination)

Question 39

What is heterospory?

Answer 39

allows for different male and female parts

Question 40

(Gymnosperms) miniaturization of their ______

Answer 40

gametophytes

Question 41

(Gymnosperms) development of ___ from fertilized _____

Answer 41

seeds, ovules

Question 42

(Gymnosperms) transfer of sperm to ovules by _____

Answer 42

pollen

Question 43

(Gymnosperms) Cone we recognize in a pine tree produces ____

Answer 43

megaspores

Question 44

(Gymnosperms) smaller cone produces _____

Answer 44

microspores

Question 45

What are 3 Phyla of gymnosperms?

Answer 45

1. Cycadophyta (look like palm tree, flagellated sperm) 2. Gnetphyta 3. Coniferophyta (evergreens, photosynthesis all year)

Question 46

What is the phyla of angiosperms?

Answer 46

anthrophyta

Question 47

What are the main evolution differences between gymnosperms and anthrophyta?

Answer 47

- flowers | - fruits

Question 48

What are the 2 groups within angiosperms?

Answer 48

1. monocots | 2. eudicots

Question 49

(Monocots) Cotyledon

Answer 49

1

Question 50

(Monocots) leaf venation

Answer 50

parallel

Question 51

(Monocots) vascular distribution

Answer 51

scattered

Question 52

(Monocots) roots

Answer 52

fibrous

Question 53

(Monocots) pollen grain

Answer 53

1 opening

Question 54

(Monocots) flowers in multiples of

Answer 54

three

Question 55

(Eudicots) cotyledon

Answer 55

2

Question 56

(Eudicots) leaf venation

Answer 56

netlike

Question 57

(Eudicots) vascular distribution

Answer 57

in a ring

Question 58

(Eudicots) roots

Answer 58

has tap (main root)

Question 59

(Eudicots) pollen grain

Answer 59

3 opneings

Question 60

(Eudicots) flowers

Answer 60

in multiples of four or five

Question 61

What is special about angiosperm reproduction?

Answer 61

- double fertilization, 2 sperms fertilize same gametophyte | - makes the endosperm

Question 62

What is the carpel?

Answer 62

- produces ovules - contains ovary - style - stigma

Question 63

What is the style?

Answer 63

tube

Question 64

What is the stigma?

Answer 64

where pollen is received

Question 65

What ist he stamen?

Answer 65

- contains stalk (fillament) | - anther (where pollen is produced)

Question 66

What is the sepal?

Answer 66

encloses flower

Question 67

What is the petal

Answer 67

attract pollenators