Lecture 25 - protists II (SI) Flashcards
Alveolates
- unicellular with subcellular cavities
- classified with molecular systematics
Alveolates subgroups
- Dinoflagellates
- Apicomplexans
- Ciliates
Rhizaria
Use pseudopodia to move and feed
Rhizaria subgroups
- Radiolarians
- Forams
- Heliozoa
Stramenopiles
- fine hairlike projections on the flagella (mostly in reproductive cells)
- both heterotrophs and autotrophs in this group
Stramenopiles subgroups
- Oomycetes
- Brown algae
- Diatoms
- Golden algae
- Heterokonts
Archaeplastida
-contains land plants, their ancestors, and relatives
Archaeplastida subgroups
- Charophytes
- Rhodophyta
- Chlorophytes
Amoebozoans of Unikont
Bridge between unicellular and multicellular
Amoebozoans of Unikont subgroups
- Slime molds
- Rhizopods
- Cellular slime molds
Opisthokonts of Unikonts
Group that connects protists with animals
Opisthokonts of Unikonts
- Choanoflagellates
What are cilia used for in ciliates?
feeding and motion
Micro vs Macro nuclei in ciliates
micro (used for reproduction)
macro (used for day to day function and metabolism)
What happens during reproduction of Ciliates?
-micronuclei swapped between two ciliates
-fuse together after conjugation
-mitosis to produce new macro-nucleus, binary fission, 4 daughter cells
E
What is an example of Ciliates
paramecium
What are 4 characteristics of Diatoms?
- unicelluular
- asexual division with sexual phase (size issue)
- wall made silica
- responsible for 50% of photosynthesis in ocean
What is the shoebox concept?
asexual smaller part of the cell reproduces and makes second copy of the smaller size
Where are brown algae common?
temperate waters with lots of nutrients
What do brown algae create?
kelp forests using floats to raise blades to surface
Are brown algae uni or multicellular?
unicellular
How do brown algae reproduce?
alterations by generations
examples of brown algae
- bull kelp
- giant kelp
3 characteristics of golden algae
- biflagellate
- some are mixotrophic
- unicellular (mostly
4 characteristics of Forams
- multi-chamber, porous shells made of calcium CaCO3
- abundant in plankton
- fossilize easiliy
- for symbiosis with algae
2 characteristics of Heliozoa
- fused siliceous or chitinous plates
2. live in freshwater
3 characteristics of Radiolarian
- mostly actinpods
- have pseudopodia that extend out of pores
- siliceous skeletons accumulate in ocean floor
3 characteristics of Oomecytes
- extensive SA
- fine network of coenocytic hyphae
- water molds, white rusts, downy mildews
3 characteristics of Rhizopoda
- pseudopodia to feed + move
- free living heterotrophs
- Entamoeba histolytica, causes amoeboid dysentery
What are Mycentozoa
slime molds or fungus animals
3 characterisitics of Mycentozoa
- bridge gap between unicellularity + multicellularity
- plasmodial slime molds
- cellular slime mold
What does a cellular slime mold form when food is scarce?
slug
What is the primary life stage of cellular slime mold?
haploid
4 characteristics of Rhodophyta
- No flagellated stage
- red color = phycoerythrin
- most common seaweeds in warm coastal waters of tropical oceans
- formed by endosymbiosis
What are 2 species of green algae?
- chlorophytes
2. charophytes
What are the 3 forms of green algae
- colonies of individual cells (volvox)
- multinucleate filaments (Caulerpa)
- formation of true multicellular forms by cell division/differentiation (Ulva)
2 characteristics of Choanoflagellates
- link to sponges
2. exist as single cells or huge colonies