Lecture 26 - Fungi Flashcards
Are fungi more closely related to plants or animals?
animals
Are fungi heterotrophic or autotrophic?
heterotrophic
How do fungi acquire food?
through absorption using exoenzymes
What are fungi composed of?
hyphae
What do hyphae form/
mycelium
What are two “forms” of fungi?
- can have septa dividing cells and truly be multicellular
- coenocytic with one cytoplasm and many nuclei
What are 3 forms of fungal nutrition?
- parasitic
- mutualistic (mycorrhizae or lichens)
- decomposers
How are fungi parasitic?
-can use penetrating mycelium or historia in order to take nutrients from hosts
What are 4 forms of fungal life?
- molds
- yeast
- lichens
- mycorrhizae
What are molds?
- asexual
- rapidly growing
What are yeasts?
- unicellular fungi in moist environments
- includes imperfect fungi (only is asexual)
What are lichens?
- symbiotic relationship between fungi + photosynthetic microorganisms
- live in extreme environments
What are mycorrhizae?
- symbiotic relationship between plants
- fungi increase increase SA on plant roots
What is the first step of the sexual phase?
- two parent mycelium fuse together without nuclei
- combining plasmogamy
- leads to heterokaryotic stage
What is the second step of the sexual phase?
-parent nuclei combine Karogamy
What is the third step of the sexual phase?
- goes through meiosis
- creates spore producing structures (haploid)
- can germinate to form mycelium
What happens in the asexual stage?
-mycelium can produce spore producing structures that can germinate and continue to be haploid
Chytridiomycota
- flagellated zoospores
- most closely related to protists
- causes devastating disease in amphibeans
Zygomycota
Zygote fungi form resistant structures during sexual reproduction
Glomeromycota
all species are mycorrhizal
Ascomycota
Classified by long heterokaryotic phase with ascocarp
Basidiomycota
mushrooms, shelf fungi, puffballs, super long dikaryotic phase
How does most yeast reproduction occur?
budding
Saprobic fungi
absorb nutrients form nonliving organisms