Lecture 31 - Invertebrates II Flashcards
What are 4 characteristics of Phylum Platyhelminthes (flatworms)?
- No organs for specialized gas exchange
- Flat shape for diffusion of materials
- Fine branches for food distribution
- Flame cells help maintain osmotic balance
What are 4 classes of Phylum Platyhelminthes (flatworms)?
- Turbellaria
- Monogenea
- Trematoda
- Crestoda
2 characteristics of Turbellaria
- Mostly free-living flatworms
2. Ciliated body surface (i.e. planaria)
2 characteristics of Monogenea
- Marine and freshwater parasites
2. Parastize fish
3 characteristics of Trematoda
- Parasites
- Almost always lack vertebrates
- Most life cycles include intermediate hosts
What are the biggest parasites of humans?
tapeworms
Where do Phylum Rotifera inhabit?
-freshwater, ocean, damp soil
3 characteristics of Phylum Rotifera
- Smaller than most protists
- Truly multicellular
- Specialized organ systems
2 characteristics of Phylum Brachiopoda
- Lamp shells with dorsal valves
2. Brachiopods attach to substrate by stalks
Phylum Mollusca are notable for the increased complexity in _________
their body plan
What are 4 classes of molluscs?
- Polyplacophora (chitins)
- Gastropoda (snails, slugs)
- Bivalvia (clams, mussels, scallops, oysters)
- Cephalopoda (squids, octopuses, etc.)
2 characteristics of Polyplacophora (chitons)
- 8 dorsal plates
2. grazers (use radula to scrape algae)
What is a defining characteristic of Gastropoda?
-undergo torsion during development
2 characteristics of Bivalvia (clams, mussels etc.)
- Flattened shell closes R/L valves with adductor muscles
2. Filter feeders (eg clams, oysters, muscles etc.)
2 characteristics of Cephalopoda (squids, octopuses etc.)
- Reduced/absent internal shell
2. Use siphon to dart towards prey
What is the biggest invertebrate of them all?
architeuthis (giant squid)
What are 3 classes of Phylum Annelida?
- Oligochaeta
- Polychaeta
- Hirudinea
What are 4 characteristics of oligochaeta?
- Reduced head
- No parapodia
- Sparse chaetae (e.g. earthworm)
- Hermaphrodites, cross-fertilize
2 characteristics of Polychaeta?
- Well-developed head
2. Parapodia with chaetae that work as gills, aid in locomotion
4 characteristics of Hirudinea?
- Reduced coelom
- Absent chaetae
- Bloodsucking parasites
- Anterior/posterior suckers (e.g. leeches)
What are Phylum Nematoda?
-Roundworms in most aquatic habitats, wet soil, most tissues of plants, body fluids/tissues of animals
What are 3 characteristics of Phylum Nematoda?
- sexual reproducers
- complete digestive tract
- no circulatory system
How do Phylum Nematoda move?
-longitudinal muscle contraction
Phylum Nematoda are covered in _______
exoskeleton (the cuticle)
What do Phylum Nematoda have a major role in?
decomposition
3 major Arthropod features
- Exoskeleton made of layers of protein + chitin
- Open circulatory system
- (Hemolymph circulated into spaces surrounding tissues and organs) - Variety of organs specialized for gas exchange
What are the 4 subphyla of Phylum Arthropod?
- Cheliceriformes
- Myriapoda
- Hexapoda
- Crustacea
2 qualities of Subphylum Cheliceriformes
- Body has 1-2 main parts with 6 appendages (horseshoe crabs)
- Mostly terrestrial or marine
2 qualities of Subphylum Myriapoda
- Head with antennae + chewing mouth parts (millipedes + centipedes)
- terrestrial
3 qualities of Subphylum Hexapoda
- Body divided in head/thorax/abdomen present
- 3 pairs of legs + 2 pairs of wings (includes class insecta)
- mostly terrestrial
3 qualities of Subphylum Crustacea
1 . Body with 2-3 parts + antennae + chewing mouthparts + 2-3 pairs of legs
- Mostly marine + freshwater
- (decapoda EX: crabs, lobsters, shrimps)
What are 3 major effects of insects on the environment/other organisms?
- important natural + agricultural pollinators
- carriers for many diseases (EX: West Nile, malaria, African Sleeping Sickness)
- Competitors with humans for food + fiber
Insects affect all other ________
terrestrial organisms
_______ are the most diverse order of animals
beetles
2 qualities of Phylum Echinodermata
- invertebrate deuterstomes with bilateral larva + radial adults
- sea stars, brittle stars, sea urchins etc.