Lecture 34 - Vertebrates II (Mammals) Flashcards

1
Q

4 Derived Characteristics of Mammals

A
  1. Differentiated teeth
  2. Hair
  3. Mammary glands
  4. Proportionately large brain
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2
Q

What are the 3 living lineages of mammals?

A
  1. Marsupials
  2. Monotremes
  3. Eutherians
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3
Q

Marsupials definition (EX:)

A
  • embryo develops within placenta of mother’s uterus

- completed development in mother’s pouch (EX: kangaroo)

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4
Q

Monotremes definition (EX)

A

-egg-laying mammals (EX: platypus)

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5
Q

Eutherians definition (EX)

A
  • most diverse mammalian group
  • young complete development in uterus + born more developed
  • EX: bats, carnivores, rodents etc.
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6
Q

what are 3 basic eutherian characteristics?

A
  1. Known as placenta mammals
  2. Complete embryonic development in uterus, joined to mother more complex placenta with much more developed young at birth
  3. 65 million year ancestor rodent-like animal
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7
Q

Chiroptera

A

bats

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8
Q

Chiroptera (defining characteristic)

A

only mammals that have evolved true flight

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9
Q

Chiroptera (nutrition)

A

diverse ecology: feed on insect, nectar, fruit etc.

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10
Q

What caused Ebola?

A

“Bushmeat”

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11
Q

Sirenia

A

manatees and dugongs

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12
Q

Sirenia (defining characteristic)

A

Only herbivore marine animals

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13
Q

Which species of Sirenia is extinct?

A

steller’s sea cow

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14
Q

Sirenia (3 characteristics)

A
  • 4 species
  • live in tropic areas
  • all threatened/endangered
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15
Q

Cetacea

A

whales/dolphins

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16
Q

Odontoceti

A

toothed whales (orcas, dolphins)

17
Q

Mysticeti

A

baleen whales (largest animals that have ever lived)

18
Q

Cetacea (nutrition)

A

carnivores

19
Q

Which Cetacea is extinct?

A

Yangtze river dolphin functionally extinct since 1990s

20
Q

3 characteristics of Cetacea

A
  1. Ancestors of modern whales were land mammals
  2. Common ancestor with hippos
  3. Many at risk or recovering species
21
Q

What is a common California whale?

A

grey whale

22
Q

Perissodactyla

A

(zebras, mules, horses etc)

23
Q

2 characteristics of Perissodactyla

A
  1. Odd-toed herbivores
  2. Rhinos going extinct due to habitat exploitation + poaching
    - Javan rhinos extinct in Vietnam
24
Q

Artiodactyla

A

hoofed animals EX: sheep, giraffes, antelope, pigs, deer, cattle etc.

25
Q

2 characteristics of Artiodactyla

A
  1. Even-toed ungulates (carry weight on 3rd and 4th toe)

2. Herbivorous economically important

26
Q

Rodentia

A

rodents

27
Q

2 characteristics of Rodentia

A
  1. Incisors that grow constantly

2. Make up ½ of mammal species

28
Q

Carnivora

A

dogs, cats, bears, weasels

29
Q

3 characteristics of Carnivora

A
  1. Carnivores
  2. 280 species with many in decline
  3. bag cats decreasing very quickly
30
Q

Provosia

A

elephants

31
Q

2 characteristics of Provosia

A
  1. extinct in 12 years due to ivory trade

2. African and Asian elephants are sole survivors of a once diverse group

32
Q

We are currently living through the ___________ event in Earth’s history

A

6th mass extinction