Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BISC 120 > Lecture 22 - Prokaryotes 2 (SI) > Flashcards

Lecture 22 - Prokaryotes 2 (SI) Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 proteobacteria subgroups of gram-negative bacteria?

A
  1. alpha
  2. beta
  3. gamma
  4. delta
  5. epsilon
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is a result of horizontal gene transfer between prokaryotes?

A

-obscures the root of the tree of life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the 3 domains of life?

A
  1. bacteria
  2. archaea
  3. eukarya
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Which domains have a nuclear envelop?

A

-eukarya

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which domains have membrane organelles

A

-eukarya

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Which domains have peptidoglycan in cell wall

A

-bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Which domains have unbranched hydrocarbons?

A
  • bacteria

- eukarya

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Which domains have some branched hydrocarbons?

A

archaea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Which domains have one kind of RNA polymerase?

A

-bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which domains have several kinds of RNA polymerase?

A
  • archaea

- eukarya

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What kind of initiator for amino acid for protein synthesis do each have?

A

bacteria: formylmethionine
archaea: methionine
eukarya: methionine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are 2 qualities of alpha?

A
  1. many associate with eukaryotic hosts

- mitochondria evolved from aerobic alphaproteobacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are 2 examples of alpha?

A
  1. Rhizobium (forms root nodules in legumes, fixes N2)

2. Agrobacterium (produce tumors, used in genetic engineering

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is a quality of beta?

A

holds important role in nitrogen cycle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is an example of beta?

A

nitrosomonas (converts ammonium to nitrite)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are 5 examples of gamma?

A
  1. T. namibiensis (giant sulfur bacterium)
  2. Legionella
  3. Salmonella
  4. V cholerate
  5. E. coli
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are 2 examples of delta?

A
  1. myxobacteria (create drought-resistant myxospores)

2. bdellovibrios (attack bacteria)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is a quality of epsilon?

A

contains a lot of pathogens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are 2 examples of epsilon?

A
  1. Campylobacter (causes blood poisoning)

2. H. pylori (causes stomach ulcers)

20
Q

chlamydias

A

can survive only within animal cells

21
Q

What is an example of chlamydia?

A

chlamydia trachomatis (most common cause of blindness in world, most common STD)

22
Q

Spirochetes

A
  • free-living/pathgenic heterotrophs sprial

- spiral through their environment by rotating, flagellum-like filaments

23
Q

What are 2 examples of spirochetes

A
  1. syphilis

2. lyme disease

24
Q

Cyanobacteria

A
  • photoautrophs are the only prokaryotes with plant-like O2 genertaing photosynthesis
  • abundant in atmosphere through photosynthesis
25
Q

example of cyanobacteria

A

Oscillatoria (filamentous cyanobacterium)

26
Q

What are stromatolites

A

reef-forming cyanobacteria

27
Q

Actinomycetes

A

decompose soil (2 species cause tuberculosis + leprosy)

28
Q

Bacillus anthracis

A

cause of anthrax

29
Q

Clostridium botulinum

A

cause of botulism toxin

30
Q

Mycoplasms

A

smallest known cells

31
Q

Streptomyces

A
  • cultured by pharmaceutical companies as source of antibiotics
  • streptomycin
32
Q

What are 2 types of extremophiles? (archaea)

A
  1. halophiles

2. thermophiles

33
Q

What are halophiles?

A

live in highly saline environment

34
Q

What are thermophiles?

A

live in very hot environment

35
Q

What do gram positive bacteria include?

A
  1. actimonycetes
  2. bacillus anthracis
  3. clostridium botulinum
  4. Staphylococcus/streptococcus
  5. mycoplasms
36
Q

What are methanogens

A
  • strict anaerobes poisoned by O2
  • live in swamps/marshes
  • release methane as by product of their unique ways of obtaining energy
37
Q

What are chemoheterotrophic prokaryotes?

A
  • function as decomposers

- break down dead organisms and waste products

38
Q

Commensalism

A

one organism benefits while neither harming nor helping the other in any significant way

39
Q

Parasitism

A

organism harms but does not kill host

40
Q

Mutualistic

A

symbiotic organisms benefit

41
Q

Pathogenic

A

parasites that cause disease

42
Q

Exotoxins

A

secreted + cause disease even if prokaryotes that produce them aren’t present

43
Q

Endotoxins

A

released only when bacteria die and their cell walls break down

44
Q

What are 4 uses of prokaryotes in research + technology

A
  1. gene cloning using E. coli
  2. transgenic plants
  3. natural plastics, vitamins, antibiotics, hormones, ethanol, bioremediation
45
Q

What is bioremediation?

A

use of organisms to remove pollutants from the environment

BISC 120 (33 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions