Lecture Week 1

Question 1

Stability

Answer 1

Degree to which one’s intelligence does not change across the lifespan

Question 2

Plasticity

Answer 2

degree to which intelligence is shaped by experience

Question 3

Continuity vs discontinuity of development

Answer 3

-Continuity of development involved steady development on a gross scale
-discontinuity of development involves a combination of spurts and plateaus throughout development

Question 4

Determinism

Answer 4

All events are determined completely by previous existing causes

Question 5

Nativism

Answer 5

idea that human intelligence is entirely hereditary

Question 6

Francis Galton

Answer 6

Believed in eugenics
- social movement for forced sterilization of ‘unfit’ traits

Question 7

Empiricism

Answer 7

Human behavior is a product of the environment
-extreme views often result in future swing in opposite direction

Question 8

Steps of the scientific method

Answer 8

-Form a hypothesis
-test the hypothesis
-gather evidence
-draw a conclusion

Question 9

Ways to measure behaviour

Answer 9

BEHAVIOURAL MEASURES
-Naturalistic vs structured observation
-sampling behavior
-self-reports
PHYSIOLOGICAL MEAUSRES

Question 10

Naturalistic Observations

Answer 10

In the child’s natural environment
-experimenter blends in

Question 11

Structured Observations

Answer 11

In a laboratory setting
-Can effect childs behavior on small scale
-with large sample sizes environment shouldn’t effect the results

Question 12

Sampling behavior

Answer 12

-Provide the child with an artificial task to complete
-Type of observation

Question 13

Self-Reports

Answer 13

-Children’s own response about topic of interest

Question 14

Physiological Measurements

Answer 14

Measuring a childs physiological responses to stimuli

Question 15

Correlation Studies

Answer 15

Examine relations between variables as they exist naturally in the world
-can determine correlations

Question 16

Correlation Coeeficient

Answer 16

A numerical value to represent the direction and strength of a relation between two variables
- r= 0 no correlation
- r=1 strong positive correlation
- r=-1 strong negative correlation

Question 17

Experimental studies

Answer 17

The experimenter systematically varies factors thought to cause a particular behavior

Question 18

Independent variables

Answer 18

controlled by the experimenter

Question 19

Dependent variables

Answer 19

outcome variable

Question 20

Types of developmental study designs

Answer 20

-Longitudinal design
-Cross-sectional design
-Longitudinal-sequential design

Question 21

Longitudinal study design

Answer 21

behavior is measured in same individuals repeatedly

Question 22

Cross-sectional study design

Answer 22

behavior is measured in individuals of different age groups

Question 23

Disadvantages of longitudinal design

Answer 23

PRACTICE EFFECTS: with repeated testing children may simple improve form practice
SELECTIVE ATTRITION: some children will drop out of the study
COHORT EFFECTS: there may be meaningful differences between the cohort in your study compared to other cohorts

Question 24

Disadvantages of cross-sectional design

Answer 24

COHORT EFFECTS: there may be meaningful differences between cohorts