Chapter 6 Flashcards
Schemes
-actions or mental representations that organize knowledge
-behavioral schemes characterize infancy
-mental schemes develop in childhood
Assimilations
occurs when children incorporate new information into their existing schemes
Accomodation
occurs when children adjust their schemes to fit new information and experiences
Organization
the grouping of isolated behaviors and thoughts into a higher-order system
Equilibration
a mechanism that Piaget proposed to explain how children shift from one stage of thought to the next
-shift occurs as children experience cognitive conflict or disequilibrium
-solving conflict returns to equilibrium
Sensorimotor Stage
Birth to 2 years
-infants construct an understanding of the world by coordinating sensory experiences with physical, motoric actions
Object permanence
the understanding that objects and events continue to exist even when they cannot be seen
Core Knowledge approach
states that infants are born with domain-specific innate knowledge systems involving space, number sense, object permanence and language
Preoperational Stage
2 to 7 years
-children begin to represent the world with words, images and drawings
-symbolic thought goes beyond simple connections of sensory information and physical action
Egocentrism
the inability to distinguish between one’s own perspective and someone else’s perspective
Animism
-limitation of preoperational stage
-the belief that inanimate objects have lifelike qualities and are capable of action
Centration
a centering of attention on one characteristics to the exclusion of all others
Conservation
the awareness that altering an object’s or a substance’s appearance does not change its basic properties
Concrete Operational Stage
7-11
logical reasoning replaces intuitive reasoning as long as the reasoning can be applied to specific or concrete examples
-can perform classification, seriation, transitivity
Seriation
the ordering of stimuli along a quantitative dimension