Lecture flashcards pt2

Question 1

dorsal border of the scapula

Answer 1

pivot point which the limb can swing cranially and caudally

Question 2

point of the shoulder

Answer 2

greater tubercle of the humerus, palpable, most cranial region of the shoulder, important landmark for radiographs and should luxation diagnosis

Question 3

point of the elbow

Answer 3

olecranon tuber of the ulna, most caudal region of the elbow, palpable, vertical alignment with the 4th intercostal space/ 5th rib, vertical alignment with caudal angle of the scapula

Question 4

synarthroses

Answer 4

immoveable joints

Question 5

amphiarthroses

Answer 5

semimoveable joints

Question 6

diarthroses

Answer 6

freely moveable joints

Question 7

fibrous joint

Answer 7

strong fibrous CT between articulating bones, little to no movement

Question 8

synostosis

Answer 8

when a fibrous joint fuses into a boney joint that is unmoveable

Question 9

cartilaginous joint

Answer 9

cartilage between articulating bones; limited movment

Question 10

synovial joint

Answer 10

joint cavity between articulating bones lined with synovial membrane, free movement

Question 11

suture

Answer 11

fibrous joint, seams of the bones of the skull that are gradually eliminated via ossification

Question 12

syndesmosis

Answer 12

fibrous joint, bones joined by ligaments; interosseous ligaments

Question 13

gomphosis

Answer 13

tooth in an alveolus, united by periodontal ligament, not technically a joint

Question 14

synchondrosis

Answer 14

hyaline cartilage union, cartilage joint

Question 15

symphysis

Answer 15

occurs in the midline of the body where articulating bone are connected via a flat disc of fibrocartilage

Question 16

gliding/translational motion

Answer 16

2 surfaces slide past each other

Question 17

flexion

Answer 17

angular motion, decreasing angle between bones

Question 18

extension

Answer 18

angular motion, increasing angle between bone

Question 19

hyperextension

Answer 19

increasing angle beyond 180 degrees, angular motion

Question 20

abduction

Answer 20

moving away from the median plane, angular motion

Question 21

adduction

Answer 21

moving towards median plane, angular motion

Question 22

circumduction

Answer 22

movement circumscribing a cone shape

Question 23

pronation

Answer 23

palmar surface rotated to touch ground

Question 24

supination

Answer 24

palmar surface faces medially

Question 25

aponeurosis

Answer 25

sheet like tendon

Question 26

stance phase

Answer 26

time the foot contacts the ground; braking, propulsion, weight-bearing

Question 27

swing phase

Answer 27

time limb is propelled through the air

Question 28

what contributes to stride length

Answer 28

translational and pivotal movements of the scapula

Question 29

what is the pivot point for rotational movement during the swing phase of TL

Answer 29

dorsal border of the scapula

Question 30

antagonist muscles

Answer 30

directly opposing the agonists during a particular motion

Question 31

agonist muscle

Answer 31

primary mover of a joint during a particular action

Question 32

synergist

Answer 32

imparts a similar action as another muscle, may serve as joint stabilizers during a particular action

Question 33

dual action muscles

Answer 33

can extend and flex the same joint, depending on other muscles and if the limb is weight bearing or not

Question 34

dorsal border carpal canal

Answer 34

palmar carpal ligament

Question 35

lateral border carpal canal

Answer 35

accessor carpal bone

Question 36

palmar border carpal canal

Answer 36

flexor retinaculum

Question 37

structures within carpal canal

Answer 37

deep digital flexor, flexor carpi radialis, arteries, nerves

Question 38

dorsal elastic ligament

Answer 38

deep digital extensor, important in cat claw retraction, relaxation of extensor causing recoiling of the ligament making the interphalangeal joint hyperextend