lecture flashcards part 3
gas opacity
not at all; shows up black
fat opacity
light grey second lighest
fluid/soft tissue opacity
middle range, fluid in soft tissue making them the same color
mineral opacity
bones, brighter white
metal opacity
complete opacity, the highest opacity
contrast
the differences in opacity
border effacement
when 2 structures have the same opacity are in contact and their borders cannot be distinguished
summation
increase in opacity due to superimposition of structures that are not in contact
orthogonal view
90 degree angle from the first radiograph to see the whole picture, cannot see everything in a 3D structure with one 2D picture
hanging protocol
the way you hang your radiograph, do it the same every time
apophysis
tertiary bone growth center within bone where tendons/ligaments may attach
trabeculae
spongy bone that has a fine lacy pattern of deposition, ends of long bones, short and irregular bones, most flat bones
subchondral bone
cortical bones present supporting the articular cartilages
joint spaces
soft tissue opacity (border effacement), articular cartilage thicker in younger animals
coxofemoral joint
ball and socket joint with the acetabulum being the socket and the head of the femur being the femur
transverse acetabular ligament
spans the acetabular notch
ligament of femoral head
stabilizes the femoral head within the acetabulum
major articulation of the stifle joint
femoral and tibial condyles
articulation of tibia and femur
incongruent synovial joint
purpose of menisci
provide congruency and cushioning/shock absorption
pelvic canal
between pelvic inlet and pelvic outlet
illiac crest
cranial most part of the pelvis
tuber coxae
cranial ventral iliac spine
tuber sacrale
cranial dorsal and caudal dorsa; iliac spines and regions between
tuber ischii
ischiatic tuberosity
bony landmark of femur
greater trochanter
stifle
medial ridge of trochlea and patella, patellar ligament, tibial tuberosity
point of the hock
tuber cancalneii
boundaries of the pelvic inlet
lateral- arcuate line of the ilium
ventral- pectin of pubis
dorsal- promontory of the sacrum
boundaries of pelvic outlet
ventral- ischiatic arch and tuberosities
dorsal- first caudal vertebra
lateral- sarcotuberous ligament, gluteal muscles, muscles of pelvic diaphragm
