axial skeleton

Question 1

palpable surfaces

Answer 1

wings of atlas, spine of transverse processes, ventral aspect of vertebral bodies (surgically)

Question 2

cat and dog vertebrae formula

Answer 2

C7, T13, L7, S3, Caudal 20-23 (20)

Question 3

what is on the vertebral body

Answer 3

cranial and caudal articulation surface

Question 4

shape of cranial articulation surface

Answer 4

convex

Question 5

caudal articulation surface

Answer 5

concave

Question 6

vertebral arch

Answer 6

consists of bilateral laminae and pedicles

Question 7

laminae

Answer 7

roof

Question 8

pedicles

Answer 8

sides

Question 9

vertebral foramen

Answer 9

place for spinal cord

Question 10

spinous process is located on every vertebrae except

Answer 10

except C1 (dorsal tubercle)

Question 11

vertebral notches

Answer 11

cranial and caudal, contribute to formation of intervertebral foramina

Question 12

transverse foramen

Answer 12

unique to cervical vertebrae, creates adjacent transverse foramina from the transverse canals through which the vertebral artery, vein, and nerve course

Question 13

C6

Answer 13

ventral expansion of transverse processes

Question 14

C7

Answer 14

transition between C and T vertebrae, lacks transverse foramina, has caudal costal foveae for articulation with head of first rib

Question 15

costal foveae

Answer 15

articulation with head of the ribs

Question 16

transverse foveae

Answer 16

articulation with tubercles of ribs

Question 17

T11

Answer 17

anticlinal vertebrae

Question 18

sacrum

Answer 18

three fused sacral vertebrae

Question 19

promontory

Answer 19

forms dorsal border of pelvic inlet

Question 20

sacral foramina

Answer 20

exit sites of dorsal and ventral branches of sacral spinal nerves S1-S2

Question 21

intervertebral discs

Answer 21

located at articulation sites between cranial and caudal articular surfaces of vertebral bodies

Question 22

anulus fibrosus

Answer 22

outer circumferential collagenous fibers of intervertebral discs

Question 23

nucleus pulposus

Answer 23

inner gelatinous core of an intervertebral disc

Question 24

costochondral junction

Answer 24

where the body and costal cartilage join on the ribs

Question 25

vertebrosternal ribs

Answer 25

true ribs, 1-9, articulate directly with sternum

Question 26

vertebrochondral ribs

Answer 26

false ribs, 10-12. articulate with coastal cartilage of rib located cranial to it

Question 27

costal arch

Answer 27

ribs 10-12

Question 28

vertebral rib

Answer 28

floating rib, 13, no sternal attachment

Question 29

intercostal space

Answer 29

the space between subsequent ribs, location of the internal and external intercostal muscles

Question 30

sternum

Answer 30

8 sternebrae joined by intersternebral cartilage

Question 31

manibrium

Answer 31

first sternebrae

Question 32

xiphoid process

Answer 32

8th sternebrae, xiphoid cartilage

Question 33

nuchal ligament

Answer 33

paired bands of connective tissue that extends to T1 to the spine of the axis

Question 34

supraspinous liagment

Answer 34

fibrous connective tissue that connects the apices of spinous processes Cd3-T1

Question 35

ventral longitudinal ligament

Answer 35

located on the ventral surface of the vertebral bodies; mid-sagittal plane

Question 36

dorsal longitudinal ligament

Answer 36

located on the dorsal surface of the vertebral bodies, ventral to the spinal cord, mid-sagittal plane, continuous structure from C2-Cd1

Question 37

interspinous ligament

Answer 37

short ligament, between the spinous processes of vertebrae

Question 38

interarcuate ligaments

Answer 38

elastic sheets between vertebral arches