Lecture flashcards

Question 1

hydroxapatite

Answer 1

inorganic material that makes up the matrix of bones; what gives the bone hardness and stiffness

Question 2

organic component of the matric

Answer 2

collagen, allows for pliability and flexability, do not want the bone to be too heavy

Question 3

anisotropic tissue

Answer 3

physical properties can vary depending on region and direction of applied forces or stress; bone tissue

Question 4

long bones

Answer 4

greater in length than diameter, located in appendages, primary and seconardy center of ossification

Question 5

secondary center of ossification

Answer 5

cartilaginous growth plates between ossified segments, occur after birth occurs in long bones

Question 6

medullary cavity

Answer 6

hollow space within the diaphysis where yellow and red bone marrow are stored

Question 7

red bone marrow

Answer 7

in young animals, where blood is made

Question 8

yellow bone marrow

Answer 8

in adult animals, where fat is stored

Question 9

epiphysis

Answer 9

proximal and distal end regions of the bone

Question 10

metaphysis

Answer 10

flared region of mature bone between te diaphysis and epiphysis

Question 11

physis

Answer 11

located between the epiphysis and metaphysis in young animals, cartilage cells, secondary center of ossification

Question 12

short bones

Answer 12

cube like- equal size ends, one center of ossification

Question 13

sesamoid bones

Answer 13

special shorts bones, within tendons

Question 14

purposes of sesamoid bones

Answer 14

eliminate tendon shear, redirects lines of force, increase torque

Question 15

flat bones

Answer 15

present where extensive protection or large muscle attachment area is necessary, site of red bone marrow

Question 16

cortical bone

Answer 16

hard dense bone

Question 17

cancellous tissue

Answer 17

spongey tissue, holes

Question 18

diploe

Answer 18

cancellous tissue enclosed by two thin layers of cortical bone

Question 19

pneumatic bone

Answer 19

area of the skull the diploe is absorbed to form air sinuses

Question 20

irregular bones

Answer 20

cannot be classified into any other category, short bones with multiple processes, body undergoes a different developmental process than the processes, growth plate present

Question 21

periosteum

Answer 21

lines outer surface of bone, osteoblasts for healing fractures, rich in nerves and blood vessels

Question 22

endosteum

Answer 22

lines inner surface of the bone

Question 23

endochondrial ossification

Answer 23

long bones, mesenchymal cells become chondroblasts to make cartilage than becomes bone later

Question 24

intramembranous ossification

Answer 24

flat bones, mesenchymal cells becomes osteoblasts

Question 25

primary site for infection metastasis, fractures

Answer 25

growth plate

Question 26

chondrodysplasia

Answer 26

cartilage maldevelopment, genetic mutations

Question 27

achondroplasia

Answer 27

dwarfism, heritable disorder

Question 28

chondrodystrophia

Answer 28

maldevelopment of cartilage due to poor nutrition

Question 29

what cause abnormal growth

Answer 29

angular limb deformities

Question 30

what causes stunted growth

Answer 30

chondrodysplasia, achondroplasia, chrondrodystrophia, growth plate trauma

Question 31

angular limb deformities are an

Answer 31

uneven elongation of proximal and distal physes, or abnormal development of carpal/tarsal bones

Question 32

what causes angular limb deformaties

Answer 32

heredities, growth plate injuries, stress, aging, or poor nutrition

Question 33

carpal valgus

Answer 33

toes pointed outward (laterally); inward limb bowing

Question 34

carpal varus

Answer 34

toes pointed inward (medially); outward bowing of limb

Question 35

compressive force

Answer 35

push; forces parallel with long axis directed toward the center on the bone, gravity, body weight, strongest

Question 36

tension force

Answer 36

pull; forces parallel with the long axis directed away from the center of the bone, muscle attachment, medium strength

Question 37

shear force

Answer 37

perpendicular to the axis of the long bone, largest cause of fractures, very little strength

Question 38

torsional force

Answer 38

rotation, twisting force or movement around the long axis

Question 39

axial skeleton

Answer 39

bones of the axis of the body

Question 40

appendicular skeleton

Answer 40

bones of the appendages