LECTURE - Circulatory System Flashcards
1
Q
elastic arteries
A
- biggest in the body
- concentric elastic lamellae permit distensibility and recoil
- withstands and maintains high pressure
2
Q
muscular arteries
A
- circumferential smooth muscle coat of variable thickness
- controls flow
3
Q
circulatory system functions
A
- transport
- thermoregulation
4
Q
circulatory system components
A
- blood
- blood vessels
- lymphatics
- heart
5
Q
three types of circulator system
A
- systemic: carries oxygenated blood away from the heart and to other parts of the body
- pulmonary: carries oxygen-depleted blood away from the heart, to the lungs, and back to the heart
- portal: circulation of nutrient-rich blood between the gut and liver is called the portal circulation. It enables the liver to remove any harmful substances that may have been digested before the blood enters the main blood circulation around the body—the systemic circulation
6
Q
main mechanical forces to consider in the design of systemic circulation
A
- high pressure
- turbulent blood flow
- high flow and high volume
7
Q
three layers of blood vessels
A
- intima = ‘intimate’ with blood; innermost
- media = thickness variation
- adventitia = outermost
8
Q
three layers of blood vessels
A
- intima = ‘intimate’ with blood; innermost
- media = thickness variation
- adventitia = outermost
9
Q
elastic arteries
A
- concentric elastic lamellae permit distensibility and recoil
- withstands and maintains high pressure
10
Q
muscular arteries
A
- circumferential smooth muscle coat of variable thickness
- controls flow
11
Q
diameter controls resistance/flow
A
arteriole/small muscular artery
12
Q
microcirculation/capillaries
A
components of cap wall:
- endothelium/endothelial cells
- basement membrane
- pericytes
functions: exchange of gas, nutrients
13
Q
layers of the veins
A
- intima: endothelial cells, indistinct internal elastic lamina
- media: smooth muscle cells
- adventitia = thickest layer
- valves to prevent backflow
14
Q
lymphatics
A
- look like venous channels
- circulating lymphocytes, lymph
- may have valves (lower pressure so need valves to prevent backflow)
15
Q
3 basic layers of the heart
A
- epicardium
- myocardium
- endocardium
