LAB - Circulatory & Respiratory System Flashcards
three common layers of the circulatory system
- tunica intima
- tunica media
- tunica adventitia
three layers of the heart
same but…
- endocardium
- myocardium
- epicardium
blood vessels arrangement
arteries have a smaller lumen and thicker walls than veins
what is the respiratory system composed of?
trachea, bronchial tree, respiratory tract
three main types of vessels in the arterial system
- elastic arteries: such as the aorta and pulmonary arteries
- muscular arteries: main branches that distribute oxygenated blood
- arterioles: terminal branches that supply capillary beds
two divisions of the respiratory system
- conduction = from nose to terminal bronchioles
- respiratory = gas exchange; respiratory bronchioles to alveoli
this joins the free ends of the C cartilage rings of the trachea together
trachealis muscle (smooth)
Two alveolar cell types
- type I: flat cells gas exchange occurs here
- type II: cuboidal shaped cells, secrete surfactant and can form type I cells
T or F. Arteries have slower blood flow than veins
F, veins have slower blood flow
Which blood vessel has a more well developed tunica media?
arteries
tunica intima of arterioles
- little Ct
- thin internal elastic lamina
tunica media of arterioles
smooth muscle cells in 1-6 concentric layers
tunica adventitia of arterioles
- thin
- no external elastic lamina or not well defined
muscular arteries (small/med) tunica intima
- thicker subendothelium
- prominent internal elastic lamina
muscular arteries tunica media
- up to 4 layers ofs mooth muscle
muscular arteries tunicaa adventitia
merges with surrounding connective tissue
large arteries
elastic
elastic arteries tunica intima
- flattened endothelial cells supported by thin layer of CT (collagen) w/ few elastic fibers
- thicker than muscular arteries
elastic arteries tunica media
- broad, with fenestrated sheets of elastin separated by CT
- few smooth muscle fibers
elastic arteries tunica adventitia
- collagen, elastic fibres, adipocytes
- diffuse external elastic lamina
small veins tunica intima
- no elastin fibres
- poorly developed internal elastic lamina
- thin subendothelium
small veins tunica media
- 1-2 layers of smooth muscles
- thin
tunica adventitia of small veins
underdeveloped
large veins tunica intima
indistinct internal elastic lamina
large vein tunica media
several layers of smooth muscle
large vein tunica adventitia
- longitudinally arranged collagen
- continuous with surrounding CT
continuous capillaries
complete linings of endothelial cells
- muscle
fenestrated capillaries
endothelial cells with pores or perforations
- kidneys
sinusoidal capillaries
have large pores and lack a basal lamina
- spleen
anastomosing
branching (cardiac muscle)
what may you see in the epicardium?
- vasa vasorum
- connective tissues
- some adipose tissue
this elastin stain helps to distinguish arteries from veins
Gomori’s alehyde fsuschin
- note that cartilage matrix and goblet cell mucin stains
- elastin = purple
- RBCs = green
the media of the aorta is mostly
elastin
the mucosa in the trachea has two types of cels
- ciliated cells
- mucous cells
components of the respiratory tract include: (3)
- alveolar ducts: like long branching hallways
- alveolar sacs: rotunda-like spaces
- alveoli: project from the alveolar sac - the cubicles are alveoli
components of alveoli
- alveolar epithelium, connective tissue, blood vessels
functions of surfactant
- extracellular coating that reduces tension of type I cells; reduction of tension = makes inflation of lungs less work
- facilitates transport of gases bw air and liquid phases
- bactericidal effect
