LAB - Urinary System

Question 1

structural components of the urinary system

Answer 1

two kidneys
two ureters
bladder
urethra

Question 2

cortex of the kidey

Answer 2

• PCT
• renal corpuscle
• DCT
• collecting tubules
• pars recta of Loop of Henle
• ascending Loop of Henle

Question 3

medulla of kidney

Answer 3

• Loop of Henle (thin limb)

- collecting tubules and ducts

Question 4

functional unit of kidneys

Answer 4

nephron

Question 5

components of nephrons

Answer 5

• renal corpuscle
• PCT
• Loop of Henle
• DCT
• collecting tubule
• renal vasculature

Question 6

components of renal corpuscle

Answer 6

• glomerulus

- Bowman’s capsule

Question 7

cells of the visceral layer

Answer 7

podocytes

Question 8

space between visceral and parietal layers of epithelium

Answer 8

Bowman’s space

Question 9

what class of epithelium cell forms the PCT?

Answer 9

simple cuboidal with microvilli

Question 10

the Loop of Henle is best seen here

Answer 10

medulla

Question 11

DCT compared to PCT

Answer 11

• no brush border
• larger lumen
• more nuclei
• paler cytoplasm

Question 12

three segments of the DCT

Answer 12

• straight portion
• macula densa
• distal convoluted tubule

Question 13

collecting tubule

Answer 13

• most distal segment of nephron

- tubule diameter increases, there is a gradual transformation of epithelium from cuboidal to columnar

Question 14

collecting duct

Answer 14

simple columnar

Question 15

three layer of renal pelvis, ureters, and bladder

Answer 15

• mucosa
• muscularis
• adventitia

Question 16

benefit of transitional epithelium

Answer 16

• withstands increase in toxicity of urine

- cell layers can expand/stretch

Question 17

two layers of muscularis

Answer 17

inner longitudinal

outer circular

Question 18

structural differences of male and female urethras

Answer 18

• male = longer + connects to male reproductive tract; also excretes urine and semen

Question 19

what is the testes covered in?

Answer 19

dene connective tissue called tunica albuginea

Question 20

function of seminiferous tubules

Answer 20

spermatogenesis and spermiogenesis

Question 21

complex epithelium of seminiferous tubule consists of two types of cells

Answer 21

• Sertoli = support and nourish developing spermatozoa

- Spermatogenic cells = spermatogensis and spermiogenesis

Question 22

the stroma between tubules contain…

Answer 22

• blood vessels
• lymphatics
• nerves
• macrophages
• fibroblasts
• Leydig cells

Question 23

who do the Leydig cells secrete?

Answer 23

• endocrinee = Testes

Question 24

effects of testosternoe

Answer 24

produce 2ry male sexual characteristics and spermatogenesis and maturation

Question 25

which pituitary hormone stimulates Leydig cells?

Answer 25

• gonadotrophic hormone = LH = interstitial cell stimulating hormone in males

Question 26

organization of smooth muscle layers in vas deferens

Answer 26

• inner longitudinal
• intermediate circular
• outer longitudinal

Question 27

what is the function of the smooth muscles here in the vas deferens?

Answer 27

peristaltic contraction to expel contents into the urethra upon ejaculation

Question 28

the seminal vesicles secrete _______ ______ into the _______ via the ________ ducts

Answer 28

seminal fluid
urethra
ejaculatory

Question 29

which hormone maintains the seminal vesicles functional activity

Answer 29

testosterone

Question 30

what does the prostate gland produce and ssecrete?

Answer 30

thin, milky fluid = citric acid, hydrolytic enzymes, prostaglandins

Question 31

what are prostatic concretions?

Answer 31

• small, spherical lamellated deposits formed from calcified glycoprotein
• numbers increase with age

Question 32

epididymis vs seminiferous tubules

Answer 32

find tunica albuginea = between the two structures

• epididymis = clumps of sperm in lumen, stereocilia on apical surface
• seminiferous tubules = lighter, fluffier

Question 33

epithelium of vas deferens

Answer 33

• pseudostratified columnar

Question 34

pseudopapillae and corpora amylacea are found in the

Answer 34

prostate gland