LAB - Urinary System Flashcards
structural components of the urinary system
two kidneys
two ureters
bladder
urethra
cortex of the kidey
- PCT
- renal corpuscle
- DCT
- collecting tubules
- pars recta of Loop of Henle
- ascending Loop of Henle
medulla of kidney
- Loop of Henle (thin limb)
- collecting tubules and ducts
functional unit of kidneys
nephron
components of nephrons
- renal corpuscle
- PCT
- Loop of Henle
- DCT
- collecting tubule
- renal vasculature
components of renal corpuscle
- glomerulus
- Bowman’s capsule
cells of the visceral layer
podocytes
space between visceral and parietal layers of epithelium
Bowman’s space
what class of epithelium cell forms the PCT?
simple cuboidal with microvilli
the Loop of Henle is best seen here
medulla
DCT compared to PCT
- no brush border
- larger lumen
- more nuclei
- paler cytoplasm
three segments of the DCT
- straight portion
- macula densa
- distal convoluted tubule
collecting tubule
- most distal segment of nephron
- tubule diameter increases, there is a gradual transformation of epithelium from cuboidal to columnar
collecting duct
simple columnar
three layer of renal pelvis, ureters, and bladder
- mucosa
- muscularis
- adventitia
benefit of transitional epithelium
- withstands increase in toxicity of urine
- cell layers can expand/stretch
two layers of muscularis
inner longitudinal
outer circular
structural differences of male and female urethras
- male = longer + connects to male reproductive tract; also excretes urine and semen
what is the testes covered in?
dene connective tissue called tunica albuginea
function of seminiferous tubules
spermatogenesis and spermiogenesis
complex epithelium of seminiferous tubule consists of two types of cells
- Sertoli = support and nourish developing spermatozoa
- Spermatogenic cells = spermatogensis and spermiogenesis
the stroma between tubules contain…
- blood vessels
- lymphatics
- nerves
- macrophages
- fibroblasts
- Leydig cells
who do the Leydig cells secrete?
- endocrinee = Testes
effects of testosternoe
produce 2ry male sexual characteristics and spermatogenesis and maturation
which pituitary hormone stimulates Leydig cells?
- gonadotrophic hormone = LH = interstitial cell stimulating hormone in males
organization of smooth muscle layers in vas deferens
- inner longitudinal
- intermediate circular
- outer longitudinal
what is the function of the smooth muscles here in the vas deferens?
peristaltic contraction to expel contents into the urethra upon ejaculation
the seminal vesicles secrete _______ ______ into the _______ via the ________ ducts
seminal fluid
urethra
ejaculatory
which hormone maintains the seminal vesicles functional activity
testosterone
what does the prostate gland produce and ssecrete?
thin, milky fluid = citric acid, hydrolytic enzymes, prostaglandins
what are prostatic concretions?
- small, spherical lamellated deposits formed from calcified glycoprotein
- numbers increase with age
epididymis vs seminiferous tubules
find tunica albuginea = between the two structures
- epididymis = clumps of sperm in lumen, stereocilia on apical surface
- seminiferous tubules = lighter, fluffier
epithelium of vas deferens
- pseudostratified columnar
pseudopapillae and corpora amylacea are found in the
prostate gland
