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hunt245 > Lecture 9: Physical Activity > Flashcards

Lecture 9: Physical Activity Flashcards

1
Q

What is physical activity?

A

“any bodily movement produced by skeletal muscles that requires energy expenditure”

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2
Q

What are subjective measures of PA?

A
  • Survey/questionnaire
  • Self report
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3
Q

What are objective measures?

A
  • Pedometers
  • Accelerometry
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4
Q

What is a pedometer?

A

step counter

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5
Q

What are accelerometers?

A

sophisticated, expensive technology, high tech version of an apple watch - can be worn on hips, wrist, thigh

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6
Q

What is PA measured in?

A

METS - Metabolic Equivalents

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7
Q

How many METS is considered sedentary behaviour?

A

<1.5 METs

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8
Q

How many METS is considered light PA?

A

1.5 to 3 METS

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9
Q

How many METS is considered moderate to vigorous PA?

A

> 3 METS

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10
Q

What is the recommended PA for adults per week?

A

Minimum 150-300 minutes of moderate per week
OR
Minimum 75-150 minutes of vigorous per week

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11
Q

What are the positive health benefits of PA?

A
  • all cause mortality
  • CV disease mortality
  • hypertension
  • specific cancers
  • type 2 diabetes
  • mental health
  • cognitive health
  • sleep
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12
Q

What is the relationship between PA and all-cause mortality?

A

Inverse relationship between level of PA and risk of mortality

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13
Q

What is meta-analysis?

A

data from a huge group of people, different populations from different studies

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14
Q

What is the lower threshold for health benefits from PA?

A

there is no lower threshold for health benefits - anything is better than nothing

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15
Q

What is the upper threshold for health benefits from PA?

A

there is limited evidence to identify the exact point at which the harms of PA out weigh the benefits - benefits seem to plateau towards the upper end

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16
Q

What is the recommendation for muscle strengthening in adults per week?

A

2 times a week do muscle-strengthening activities that involve all major muscle groups on 2 or more days a week

17
Q

What are the limitations of muscle-strengthening activities?

A
  • Lack of education on muscle groups
  • Confusion on intensity levels
  • Everyone feels intensities differently
18
Q

What number is considered statistically significant?

A

less than 0.05

19
Q

What is the relationship between muscle strengthening activity and risk of all cause mortality?

A

Independent of aerobic activity, muscle strengthening activity is associated with a lower risk of all cause mortality - insufficient evidence to specify a duration

20
Q

What should adults do if they are not meeting these recommendations?

A
  • Doing some activity will benefit their health even if it is not enough to meet
  • Start with small amounts and increase over time
21
Q

What are the global PA patterns?

A

Globally we are not meeting WHO recommendations

22
Q

How do men compare to women in terms of PA?

A

Men are statistically more likely more likely to be physically active

23
Q

What are global PA looking like over time?

A

Overall we are seeing people be less active

24
Q

Are adults or adolescents more physically inactive?

A

adolescents

25
Q

Are physical inactivity and sedentary behaviour the same?

A

No they are not the same

25
Q

Why do we want to increase rates of adolescents activity?

A

The idea is that if you are physically active as a child you are more likely to be physically active later in life, there is lots of initiatives to increase adolescent physical activity

26
Q

What is physical inactivity?

A

Accruing insufficient physical activity to meet activity guidelines

27
Q

What is sedentary behaviour?

A

Any waking behaviour characterised by an energy expenditure <1.5METS, while in a sitting, reclining or lying posture

28
Q

How is TV time associated with all cause mortality?

A

TV time is very commonly associated with sitting and therefore sedentary behaviour.
Before 8 hours - you’re generally OK. The change in risk after 10 hours a day is very significant

29
Q

How is TV time associated with CVD mortality?

A

After about 7/8 hours per day the risk increases dramatically for CVD mortality

30
Q

What is the relationship between TV time and type 2 diabetes?

A

Linear relationship between TV viewing and type 2 diabetes

31
Q

Why is there a linear relationship between TV time and type 2 diabetes?

A

A lot of behaviours when you are sedentary and especially watching TV are associated with increased risks of diabetes and CVD

32
Q

What have increased breaks in sedentary time been associated with?

A

Improved measures of body composition, improved postprandial plasma TAG, glucose and insulin responses

33
Q

What is the WHO recommendation for sedentary behaviour?

A

Limit time spent sedentary, replace sedentary time with PA of any intensity

34
Q

What is the relationship between time spent sitting and the amount of exercise you have to do?

A

The more minutes of PA you do per day, the more time you can spend sitting
Also, the less time you spend sitting, the less PA you need to do to be low risk

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