Lecture 11: Dietary Trends Flashcards

1
Q

Why are dietary trends so confusing?

A

The media dramatises data - People are getting nutritional information from the media rather than qualified dieticians

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2
Q

What are the negative parts of nutrition books?

A

Used to be a common source of nutrition, Varying quality, promote weight loss with lots of conflicting information, written by people with little experiance

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3
Q

How is social media nutritional advice poor?

A

Engagement is higher for posts of lower quality, over half have inaccuracies, people are payed to promote rather than true belief in the method

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4
Q

What is a fad diet?

A
  • ‘in fashion’
  • promote quick weight loss
  • restrictive
  • lack scientific evidence
  • persuasive
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5
Q

What influences food choices? (4)

A

Biological, economic, physical, social

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6
Q

What are detox diets?

A

May involve fasting or consuming a restricted diet for a short period of time - often involve supplements

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7
Q

What are the general claims of detox diet?

A

Eliminate toxins from the body, improve immunity, weight loss

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8
Q

What does the science say about detox diets?

A
  • Very limited research
  • Lungs, liver and kidneys naturally filter out toxins
  • Weight loss is not sustainable
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9
Q

What is a carnivore diet?

A

High fat, low CHO, high red processed meat, low fibre

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10
Q

What does the science say about carnivore diets?

A

Multiple food groups missing, lack of essential minerals and vitamins, increased risk of colorectal cancer

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11
Q

What is the definition of diet?

A

The food and drink usually eaten or drunk by a person or group

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12
Q

What is the definition of trend?

A

A general development or change in a situation or in the way that people are behaving

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13
Q

What is ceoliac disease?

A

Autoimmune disease, villi are damaged and have a lower surface area, causes malnutrition as nutrients are not being absorbed

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14
Q

What is gluten?

A

Gluten is formed when two proteins (gliadin and glutenin), which are found in grains such as wheat, rye and barley, are mixed with water

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15
Q

What are the claims to going gluten free?

A

Boost energy, decrease bloating and other gut problems, lose weight

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16
Q

What does the science say about going gluten free?

A

No benefit if not needed, lower in fibre and some B vitamins

17
Q

What are the claims to going sugar free?

A

Boost energy, lose weight, improved mental clarity

18
Q

What does the science say about going sugar free?

A
  • Can improve dental decay
  • Removing added sugar can have benefits
  • Whole food sources are unlikely to contribute to weight can and contain important nutrients
  • Foods high in sugar are useful for athletes
19
Q

What is intermittent fasting?

A

Time restricted eating

20
Q

What does the science say about intermittent fasting?

A
  • Can be easier to stick to and result in weight loss
  • Not suitable for some medications
  • Dizziness, low energy and mental function
  • Calorie restriction does the same thing
21
Q

What is a vegan diet?

A

Avoid all animal products

22
Q

What are the benefits of a vegan diet?

A
  • High intake of fruits and vegetables
  • Lower BMI
  • Lower risk of heart disease
  • Lower environmental impact
23
Q

What are the risks of a vegan diet?

A
  • B12 deficiency
  • Low iron status? (low stores but not necessarily deficient)
  • Low calcium
24
Q

What is a keto diet?

A

Very low CHO diet (<20-50g) that induces ketosis
- High fat approx. 70%

25
Q

What are the aims of a keto diet?

A
  • Originally used in children with epilepsy
  • Change type of fuel the body uses
26
Q

What are risks of a keto diet?

A
  • High SAFA
  • Nutrient deficiencies
  • Kidney problems
  • Low fibre
  • Low cognitive function
27
Q

Tools to evaluate a dietary trend?

A
  • Look at trusted evidence
  • Does it eliminate food groups?
  • Sustainable?
  • Concequences?
28
Q

What are the best research designs?

A

Systematic reviews, meta-analyses, RCT, double blind studies

29
Q

What is lactose intolerance/lactase persitance?

A

The lack of the enzyme lactase that breaks down lactose

30
Q

Where is lactose intolerance significantly higher?

A

Europe

31
Q

What is clean eating?

A

No recognised definition - unprocessed or whole foods

32
Q

What must a safe weight loss diet include?

A
  • contain all required nutrients
  • be palatable
  • be maintainable
  • have medical assessment