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HUNT245 > Lecture 8: REDS > Flashcards

Lecture 8: REDS Flashcards

1
Q

What does REDS stand for?

A

Relative energy deficiency in sport

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2
Q

What are the 4 pillars of Te Whare Tapa Wha?

A

Mental, Social, Physical and Spiritual Wellbeing

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3
Q

What is an eating disorder?

A

Clinically diagnosable illness where there are severe disturbances in eating behaviours and related thoughts and emotions

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4
Q

What are examples of eating disorders?

A

Anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, binge eating, avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID)

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5
Q

What are the biggest populations of people with eating disorders?

A

15-19 year olds, second biggest is women in their 40s and 50s

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6
Q

What is the percentage of athletes with eating disorders in sports which are weight classed, aesthetic and advantagous to being lighter?

A

25-42%

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7
Q

What are rates of eating disorders in athletes of other sports?

A

12-17%

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8
Q

Where are eating disorders in athletes seen at the highest rate?

A

Sports which have weight classes (rowing), aesthetic (gymnastics or figure skating) or sports where having a low body mass is seen as advantageous (cycling)

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9
Q

What do rates look like today?

A

Rates are only getting higher, especially after COVID

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10
Q

Individuals affected by eating disorders commonly suffer from other mental health conditions such as…

A

depression, anxiety, OCD and substance abuse

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11
Q

What is the treatment for eating disorders?

A

Cannot be tackled by a dietitian alone, eating disorder specialists are best - need a team including therapists etc.

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12
Q

What does LEA stand for?

A

Low energy availability

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13
Q

What is the female athlete triad?

A

low energy availability, low oestrogen, low bone density

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14
Q

What is low energy availability?

A

a term we use to describe something which drives the physiological processes which result in the syndrome of REDS

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15
Q

What is energy availability?

A

amount of energy available following the energy used for exercise for normal physiological functions per kg of fat free mass

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16
Q

How is energy availability calculated?

A

(Energy intake - energy expenditure) / (Fat free mass)

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17
Q

What energy availability is classified as weight gain?

A

> 45 kcal/kg FFM/d

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18
Q

What energy availability is classified as optimal?

A

45 kcal/kg FFM/d

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19
Q

What energy availability is classified as a deficiency?

A

30 kcal/kg FFM/d

20
Q

What energy availability is classified as a moderate deficiency?

A

20 kcal/kg FFM/d

21
Q

What energy availability is classified as a severe deficiency?

A

10 kcal/kg FFM/d

22
Q

Energy availability of less than 30kcal/kg of FFM per day results in an impairment of…

A

Reproductive hormones and bone health. Also affected T3, IGF-1, Insulin, Glucose and increased cortisol

23
Q

How does the female athlete triad work?

A

The combination of exercise and diet causes low estrogen and then low bone density.

24
Q

Low energy availability decreases what?

A

Reproductive hormones, insulin, glucose, IGF-1, T3, leptin, bone protein synthesis and mineralisation

25
Q

Low energy availability increases what?

A

Ghrelin, cortisol, growth hormone resistance

26
Q

How do men compare to women when encountering low energy availability?

A

males tend to be more robust, they can manage better compared to females, but if they do go to low they will get decreases in testosterone and abnormal sperm

27
Q

What happens to metabolic rate due to low energy availability?

A

it gets lower

28
Q

What reproductive hormones are most effected by low energy availability?

A

estrogen, progesterone, LH and FSH

29
Q

Why are reproductive processes shut down?

A

because it is not vital for survival

30
Q

What is the scientific term for REDS?

A

Functional hypothalamic amenorrhea

31
Q

What are the main symptoms of REDS in females?

A

Impaired menstrual cycle, immune system, bone density, hormones

32
Q

What are the main symptoms of REDS in males?

A

Decreased hormone levels, protein synthesis - response to resistance training

33
Q

Is eating disorder prevalence higher in individual or team sports?

A

Individual

34
Q

What is the LEAF questionnare?

A

A screening tool for female athletes at risk for the female athlete triad - score 8 or greater indicates a risk of LEA

35
Q

Why do people have REDS or LEA?

A
  1. Clinical eating disorder
  2. Disordered eating
  3. Inadvertent undereating
  4. Intentional weight loss without disordered eating
36
Q

What is orthorexia?

A

An obsession with healthy eating

37
Q

How do diet trends effect athletes?

A

Just as much if not more as the general population, athletes have more access than ever before to nutrition information

38
Q

What are 3 threats to athletes energy intakes?

A

Confusion, diet ‘gurus’, quick fixes and pyramid marketing

39
Q

Why can athletes not eat the same thing everyday?

A

Need variety in their diet to account for different activity and exercise

40
Q

What percent of elite rugby player had poor body image?

A

Indicated in nearly half

41
Q

Is there a correlation between body image and EA?

A

Those who had the worst body image, had the worst energy availability - correlation

42
Q

What are reasons to measure body composition?

A
  1. Identify physical characteristics
  2. Monitor growth
  3. Monitor training/dietary interventions
43
Q

Red flags to look out for when it comes to LEA and eating disorders…

A
  1. Fussy eating
  2. Avoidant of entire food groups
44
Q

What percent of exercising females are at risk of RED-S?

A

50%

45
Q

What recovers first in the body from the female athlete triad?

A

First energy status, second menstrual status, last bone mineral density

HUNT245 (14 decks)

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