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AGRI 32 > Lecture 9: PEST MANAGEMENT > Flashcards

Lecture 9: PEST MANAGEMENT Flashcards

1
Q

living organisms that affect plant thereby reducing yield and/or quality of the harvested product

A

PESTS

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2
Q

causes 35% crop losses according to FAO

A

PESTS

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3
Q

pests that brought down the CITRUS industry

A

leaf mottling or greening disease

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4
Q

pests that brought down the PAPAYA industry

A

papaya ringspot virus (partic. in Laguna and Cavite)

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5
Q

pests that brought down the BANANA industry

A

Panama wilt or Fusarium wilt

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6
Q

because of pests in banana, what were changes made

A

change variety from Michel to Cavendish; relocate plantations sa Pinas

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7
Q

pests that brought down the MANGO industry

A

mango hoppers

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8
Q

highly destructive to mango flowers

A

mango hoppers

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9
Q

pests that brought down the COCONUT industry

A

coconut scale insect (CSI) Aspidiotus rigidus

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10
Q

pests that affected more than 1.2M coconut trees in Calabarzon

A

coconut scale insect (Aspidiotus rigidus)

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11
Q

TYPE of pests

A
  1. pathogens
  2. insects and mites
  3. weeds
  4. vertebrate pests
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12
Q

organisms that cause diseases or abnormalities in plants

A

pathogen

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13
Q

damages of pathogens to plants

A
  1. kill the host cells
  2. block the passage of water and nutrients
  3. consume cell contents
  4. blocking of the surface of the leaf
  5. taking over the control
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14
Q

causes soft rot

A

Erwinia caratovora

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15
Q

causes bacterial wilt in banana

A

Rawlstonia solanacearum

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16
Q

causes wilt in tomato

A

Fusarium oxysporum

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17
Q

causes anthracnose in mango, citrus and eggplant

A

Colletotrichum gloeosporoides;

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18
Q

causes sooty mold in mango

A

Capnodium mangiferum

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19
Q

causes powdery mildew in cucurbits

A

Peronospora sp

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20
Q

ways by which pathogens infect and spread in plants

A
  1. entry through the wounds and natural openings;
  2. direct penetration of the host cells;
  3. by mere contact or through vectors/carriers; and
  4. use of infected planting materials
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21
Q

members of the anthropod and arachnid family, respectively

A

insect pest and mites

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22
Q

nature of damage of insect pest and mites

A
  1. tearing and eating
  2. sucking the cell up
  3. boring and feeding
  4. spreading the pathogen
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23
Q

example of insects that damages by CHEWING

A

larvae of butterflies and moth

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24
Q

an example of SUCKING insects

A

thrips, aphids, mealybugs, mites, scale insects

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25
Q

pest that spreads pathogens

A

insect vectors

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26
Q

plants that grow where they are unwanted

A

WEEDS

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27
Q

damages brought by weeds

A
  1. COMPETE for nutrients
  2. INTERFERE with farm operations such as spraying
  3. HIDING SPOTS of insects and pests
  4. HOST of plant diseases
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28
Q

mammals which include rats, birds, man, animals, etc.

A

vertebrate pests

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29
Q

pest that eat the plant parts particularly fruits and leaves

A

vertebrate pests

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30
Q

major pest- disease in Abaca and Banana

A

Aphids vector - bunchy-top

31
Q

major pest - disease in rice

A

leaf hopper - tungro

32
Q

major pest - disease in corn

A

corn borer - downy mil

32
Q

major pest - disease in corn

A

corn borer - downy mildew

33
Q

major pest - disease in mango

A

hopper - anthracnose

34
Q

major pest - disease in coffee

A

berry hopper - rust

35
Q

an approach that employs the combination of techniques and strategies to control wide variety of pests that threaten the crop with no significant adverse effect on the environment.

A

integrated pest management pest management (IPM)

36
Q

components of IPM

A
  1. varietal resistance
  2. bio control
  3. physico-socio control
36
Q

components of IPM

A
  1. varietal resistance
  2. bio control
  3. physico-cultural control
    a. physical methods
    b. cultural method
  4. use of pesticides
37
Q

variety of tomato resistant to bacterial wilt

A

Marikit at Marilag

38
Q

variety of corn resistant to downy mildew

A

UPCA Var 1

39
Q

sigatoka-resistant variety of banana

40
Q

variety of cucumber resistant to downy mildew

A

UPL-Cu1 and UPL-Cu2

41
Q

variety of corn resistant to corn borer

42
Q

variety of papaya resistant to ringspot virus

43
Q

natural or artificial suppression of pest population by living organism e.g., parasites, predators, and pathogens

A

biological control

44
Q

involves the introduction of natural enemies; augmentation of existing organism and conservation of those existing agents

A

biological control

45
Q

a parasitoid against scale insects of citrus

A

Aphytis lingnanensis

46
Q

for control of Diamondback moth of cabbage

A

Diadegma semiclausum and Cotesia plutellae

47
Q

physical methods in IPM

A

a. quarantine
b. use of physical irritants/scarecrows/sound waves
c. use of chemical attractants
d. use of artificial light
e. use of physical barriers
f. trapping
g. use of sterile male technique

48
Q

(physical methods in IPM) restricts the entry/movement of diseases plants in an area

A

quarantine

49
Q

(physical methods in IPM) protect the plants from insect pests, vectors, and birds

A

screen house

50
Q

use of screenhouse

A
  1. to keep sources of scion free from insect vectors of viruses
  2. to keep propagated materials free from vectors
51
Q

(physical methods in IPM) methyl eugenol mixed with insecticide to attract and kill male fruitfly

A

pheromones

52
Q

(physical methods in IPM) to control noctural insects that are active at night

A

use of artificial light

53
Q

(physical methods in IPM) protects fruit from damage by fruitfly

54
Q

(physical methods in IPM) control rats from damaging (feeding on)
coconut fruits

55
Q

cultural methods in IPM

A

a. sanitation/rouging
b. proper spacing
c. proper drainage improve land prep
d. organic farming
e. balance nutrition/fertilization
f. planting mixed
g. crop rotation
h. planting plants with anti-microb properties
i. use of botanical pesticides

56
Q

(cultural methods in IPM) removal of infested/infected plant parts; removal of fruits fallen on the ground

A

sanitation/rouging

57
Q

(cultural methods in IPM) where optimum spacing must be observed

A

proper spacing

58
Q

(cultural methods in IPM) improves soil aeration, keep the field drained

A

proper drainage and improve land preparation

59
Q

(cultural methods in IPM)
no chemical pesticides and use of natural fertilizers

A

organic farming

60
Q

(cultural methods in IPM)
-has an anti-bacterial, anti-viral, anti-fungal properties
-effective against insect pests of rice

A

neem extract

61
Q

(cultural methods in IPM) has insect-repellant property

62
Q

(cultural methods in IPM) extracted from chrysanthemum flowers

A

pyrethrins

63
Q

(cultural methods in IPM) extracted from derris

64
Q

types of pesticides

A

a. Insecticides
b. Fungicides
c. Herbicides/Weedicides
d. Nematicides
e. Rodenticides

65
Q

hot pepper; makabuhay, Neem,
Derris sp. (tubli), tobacco etc.

A

natural pesticides

66
Q

use of combination of strategies to reduce damage caused by weeds with no significant adverse effect on the environment.

A

integrated weed management (IWM)

67
Q

methods of controlling weeds

A
  1. physical/mechanical
  2. cultural
  3. chemical
68
Q

(physical methods in IWM)

A

pulling, slashing, mowing

69
Q

(cultural methods in IWM)

A

mulching, flooding

70
Q

(chemical methods in IWM)

A

use of herbicides
ex. glyphosate

71
Q

six basic components of the american IPM

A
  1. acceptable pest levels
  2. monitoring
  3. preventive cultural practices
  4. mechanical controls
  5. bio controls
  6. responsibe use

AGRI 32 (14 decks)

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