Lecture 11: CROPPING SYSTEMS Flashcards
refers to crops and cropping sequences and the management techniques used in a particular field over a period of years.
cropping systems
wherein land is cleared by cutting some vegetation and burning to give way to the planting of crops for food
kaingin
types of cropping systems
monocropping
multiple cropping
mixed cropping
two or more crops mixed together in the same field at the same time without a definite row arrangement
TYPE OF CROPPING SYSTEM
mixed cropping
growing of 2 or more crops in the same piece of land in one calendar year - annuals and perennials can be organized in fields together
TYPE OF CROPPING SYSTEM
multiple cropping
growing of same crop year after year
in the field (e.g. rice, wheat, corn, soybean, cotton)
TYPE OF CROPPING SYSTEM
monocropping
growing two or more crops one after the other in the same field
sequential
growing of different crops in a definite order of succession on the same field
crop rotation or sequential cropping
types of multiple cropping
intercropping AND mixed cropping
Types of Multiple Cropping
– two or more crops are grown in the same field at the same time with spatial arrangement which may enhance or minimize competition between the crops.
intercropping
Types of Multiple Cropping
two or more crops are randomly grown at a given time without any distinct arrangement
mixed cropping
advantages of crop rotation over monocropping
- increased yield
- better control of weeds, pests, and diseases
- ensures build-up of organic matter
- balanced utilization of nutrients in the soil
- better distribution of nutri in soil
ACTUAL CROP ROTATION PRACTICES
➢ Rice-hybrid/GM corn in rainfed areas in Pangasinan,
➢ Rice- onion-rice
➢ Rice-watermelon-rice
➢ Rice-mungo or peanut- rice
CONSTRAINTS TO CROP ROTATION
a. additional investment cost may be required for suitable equipment and farm tools
ex, harvester of cotton is diff with wheat
b. life cycle of crops
ANNUAL CROP-BASED CROPPING SYSTEMS
- monocropping
- relay cropping
- intercropping
growing two or more annual crops simultaneously on the same land such that one crop is planted soon after the other has flowered
ANNUAL CROP-BASED CROPPING SYSTEMS
relay cropping
growing 2 or more crops simultaneously in the same field such that there is considerable overlap in their growing periods
ANNUAL CROP-BASED CROPPING SYSTEMS
intercropping
➢ ____ hectares planted to coconut (about ____% of total
cropland)
➢ ____people dependent on the coconut industry
3M, 27%, 4M
PERENNIAL CROP-BASED CROPPING SYSTEM (coconut-based)
- coconut-cacao intercropping
- double row method
under shade - cathcropping
sya muna, then plant
PROBLEMS SA CROPPING SYSTEM
a. socio-economic problem
-low prod, low farm gate price, low gov’t support, high transport and handling cost
b. technical problems
b.1 inefficient use of land
ex. 20% lang ng land nagagamit sa
monocropping
b.2 inefficient use of light
AGRONOMIC ADVANTAGES OF
COCONUT-BASED CROPPING
- Better retention of water due to shades and reduced evaporation of water from the soil.
- Improvement of soil fertility
- Better weed control
- Coconut trees provide shade
for shade-loving plants
SOCIO-ECONOMIC BENEFITS OF INTERCROPPING
- sources of add income
- mas malaki pag intercropping
- increase employment
- mono (60-80 MD/ha/year)
- intercropping (350 MD/ha/year)
- provide cushion against impact of price flunctuation
RECOMMENDED INTERCROPS DURING
THE THREE PHASES OF THE LIFE-SPAN OF COCONUT
phase 1 (field planting to 6 years; moderate to high light intens)
-cereals, legumes, root, fruit and vegetable crops
phase 2 (7-25 years; low to moderate light intens)
-shade tolerant crops
phase 3 (26 years and beyond; moderate to high light intens)
-nasa phase 1 + beverage crop, plantation crop, wood and lumber
essence of putting livestock sa cropping system
➢ To be holistic
➢ To provide milk and meat to the farmer
➢ To provide farmyard manure
➢ To help in weed control
