Lecture 4: SELECTION AND PREPARATION OF PLANTING MATERIALS Flashcards
for successful farming, use varieties recommended or approved by the ____________________________ (NSIC), an agency under the Department of Agriculture
National Seed Industry Council
such varieties after having been bred and undergone rigid testing and evaluation were
o proven to have good yield
o desirable quality
o resistance to pest and diseases, and
o other desirable traits
KINDS OF PLANTING MATERIALS
a. use of seeds (sexual propagation)
b. use of vegetative parts (asexual propagation)
KINDS OF PLANTING MATERIALS
applicable to most annual crops (agronomic,
vegetables, plantation crops)
seeds (sexual propagation)
KINDS OF PLANTING MATERIALS
used as rootstocks for grafting and budding of tree crops
seeds (sexual propagation)
KINDS OF PLANTING MATERIALS
applicable to most fruits and ornamental crops, some agronomic crops, some plantation crops and few vegetables
vegetative parts (asexual propagation)
KINDS OF PLANTING MATERIALS
examples of vegetative parts
roots, leaves, stems
ADVANTAGES OF ASEXUAL OVER SEXUAL
METHODS
true-to-type plants
-with same traits
-smaller trees
-starts bearing fruits early
-only option for seedlees varieties
SEEDS FOR PLANTING MUST BE:
-physiologically mature
-should be viable
PRE-GERMINATION TREATMENT OF SEEDS
- scarification
- removing basal portion of the husk (coconuts)
- removing mucilage from seeds
- vernalization
- stratification
PRE-GERMINATION TREATMENT OF SEEDS
treatment that improves the permeability of the seedcoat to water and hasten seed germination
scarification
PRE-GERMINATION TREATMENT OF SEEDS
soaking seeds in water overnight
an example of?
scarification
PRE-GERMINATION TREATMENT OF SEEDS
soaking seeds in acid
an example of?
scarification
PRE-GERMINATION TREATMENT OF SEEDS
remove endocarp
an example of?
scarification
PRE-GERMINATION TREATMENT OF SEEDS
rubbing seeds with hand and sand removes what?
mucilage
PRE-GERMINATION TREATMENT OF SEEDS
subjecting water-soaked or germinating seeds to cold treatment to achieve flowering of cool-season crops grown in warmer environment
vernalization
PRE-GERMINATION TREATMENT OF SEEDS
Subjecting the seeds to cold treatments in order to break dormancy
stratification
suitable for small-seeded crops: lettuce, cabbage,
pechay, tomato, eggplant, celery
crops with slow germination rate and slow
establishment
crops that are susceptible to damping-off disease
RAISING OF VEGETABLE SEEDLINGS
2 METHODS RAISING OF VEGETABLE SEEDLINGS
a. seedbed method
b. seedbox method
METHODS IN RAISING OF VEGETABLE SEEDLINGS
uses well-prepared soil, sterilized by sunlight, heat or chemical (40 % formaldehyde)
seedbed method
METHODS IN RAISING OF VEGETABLE SEEDLINGS - SEEDBOX
seedlings are then transferred to another seedbox to provide more space
pricking or pricking-pff
RAISING OF SEEDLINGS TO BE USED AS ROOTSTOCK OR FOR FIELD PLANTING
a. germination bed or seedbed
b. bagging or potting
c. rebagging
d. use of nursery bed
e. balling
RAISING OF SEEDLINGS TO BE USED AS ROOTSTOCK OR FOR FIELD PLANTING
consists of fine sand or its mixture (50:50) with garden soil
germination bed or seedbed
RAISING OF SEEDLINGS TO BE USED AS ROOTSTOCK OR FOR FIELD PLANTING
practice of transplanting seedlings to individual bag or container to allow further growth of seedlings before field planting or grafting
bagging or potting
BAGGING
plastic bags must always be provided with holes for adequate _________ and ________
TRUE OR FALSE
drainage and aeration
RAISING OF SEEDLINGS TO BE USED AS ROOTSTOCK OR FOR FIELD PLANTING
the practice of transferring the seedling from one bag to another in order to provide greater rooting space
rebagging
RAISING OF SEEDLINGS TO BE USED AS ROOTSTOCK OR FOR FIELD PLANTING
required for slow-growing seedlings (mangosteen
and lanzones) that require one or more years before grafting/planting
rebagging
RAISING OF SEEDLINGS TO BE USED AS ROOTSTOCK OR FOR FIELD PLANTING
required for slow-growing seedlings (mangosteen
and lanzones) that require one or more years before grafting/planting
rebagging
RAISING OF SEEDLINGS TO BE USED AS ROOTSTOCK OR FOR FIELD PLANTING
the practice of digging the seedlings (from the nursery bed) with a ball of soil still intact with the roots
balling
VEGETABLE GRAFTING
existed as early as 384-____ BC mainly applied trees crops
322
GRAFTING
rootstocks of melon scions
squash & melon
GRAFTING
rootstocks of cucumber scions
squash, C. ficifoloia
GRAFTING
rootstocks of tomato and eggplant scions
tomato and eggplant
Benefits from/Advantages of grafting fruit tree
a. Utilize the good traits of the rootstock e.g. dwarfing effect, tolerance to adverse soil conditions/diseases
b. Early bearing
c. True-to-type plant
d. Can create plant with multiple root system
e. Repair damaged part of the trunk- as in bridge grafting
f. Changing of variety- by top working
g. Produce plant with multiple varieties
Considerations for Grafting
Yield – Fruit Quality Improvement – Environmental
Stress Tolerance – Soil-borne Disease Resistance
DISADVANTAGES OF GRAFTING
➢ Incompatibility
➢ Physiological disorder associated to grafting
➢ Needs intensive training and techniques
➢ Extra labor for grafting and seedling maintenance
➢ Additional cost for rootstock seeds, grafting materials
and needed facilities
➢ Grafting only provides soil borne disease resistance
and soil abiotic stresses.
